Sussman Steven
Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
J Addict Res Ther. 2012 Jan 10;Suppl 6(1). doi: 10.4172/2155-6105.S6-001.
In this review, I examine the definition, etiology, measurement, prevention and treatment of workaholism, based on a systematic search of the literature. While there is some debate regarding the parameters of the concept, viewed as a negative consequential addiction, workaholism involves excessive time spent working, preoccupation with work to the exclusion of other life domains, loss of control over the parameters of one's work and disenchantment with work, and negative social, emotional, and health consequences. The etiology of workaholism is not clear but may pertain to persons with compulsive personality traits, who are driven to work harder than that demanded from work contexts, and who have learned to place work as a main means of gratification compared to other lifestyle alternatives. Most measurement approaches rely on self-report questionnaires, tested primarily with convenience samples. Refinement of current assessments is ongoing. Prevention and treatment implications are discussed, which include intra- and extra-personal level approaches. Finally, limitations of the work completed in this arena are mentioned and needed future research directions are suggested.
在本综述中，我基于对文献的系统检索，研究了工作狂的定义、病因、测量方法、预防及治疗。尽管对于这一概念的参数存在一些争议，工作狂被视为一种产生负面后果的成瘾行为，它涉及在工作上花费过多时间、一门心思扑在工作上而忽略其他生活领域、对自己工作的各项参数失去控制、对工作不再着迷，以及产生负面的社会、情感和健康后果。工作狂的病因尚不清楚，但可能与具有强迫性人格特质的人有关，这些人被驱使着比工作环境要求的更努力工作，并且相比于其他生活方式选择，他们已学会将工作作为主要的满足方式。大多数测量方法依赖自我报告问卷，主要在便利样本中进行测试。目前评估方法的改进工作正在进行。文中讨论了预防和治疗的意义，包括个人层面和人际层面的方法。最后，提及了该领域已完成工作的局限性，并提出了未来所需的研究方向。
