Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Health Serv Res. 2013 Dec;48(6 Pt 2):2134-56. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12117. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
Mixed methods research offers powerful tools for investigating complex processes and systems in health and health care. This article describes integration principles and practices at three levels in mixed methods research and provides illustrative examples. Integration at the study design level occurs through three basic mixed method designs-exploratory sequential, explanatory sequential, and convergent-and through four advanced frameworks-multistage, intervention, case study, and participatory. Integration at the methods level occurs through four approaches. In connecting, one database links to the other through sampling. With building, one database informs the data collection approach of the other. When merging, the two databases are brought together for analysis. With embedding, data collection and analysis link at multiple points. Integration at the interpretation and reporting level occurs through narrative, data transformation, and joint display. The fit of integration describes the extent the qualitative and quantitative findings cohere. Understanding these principles and practices of integration can help health services researchers leverage the strengths of mixed methods.
混合方法研究为调查健康和医疗保健中的复杂过程和系统提供了强大的工具。本文描述了混合方法研究中三个层次的整合原则和实践,并提供了说明性示例。在研究设计层面的整合是通过三种基本的混合方法设计——探索性顺序设计、解释性顺序设计和收敛性设计——以及四种高级框架——多阶段设计、干预设计、案例研究设计和参与式设计来实现的。在方法层面的整合是通过四种方法来实现的。在连接中,一个数据库通过抽样与另一个数据库连接。在构建中,一个数据库为另一个数据库的数据分析方法提供信息。当合并时,两个数据库被合并进行分析。在嵌入中,数据收集和分析在多个点上进行链接。在解释和报告层面的整合是通过叙述、数据转换和联合展示来实现的。整合的契合度描述了定性和定量发现的一致性程度。理解这些整合原则和实践可以帮助卫生服务研究人员充分利用混合方法的优势。
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