Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Wadhwani Research Centre for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
Proteomics Clin Appl. 2014 Feb;8(1-2):53-72. doi: 10.1002/prca.201300074. Epub 2013 Dec 27.
Apart from direct detection of the infecting organisms or biomarker of the pathogen itself, surrogate host markers are also useful for sensitive and early diagnosis of pathogenic infections. Early detection of pathogenic infections, discrimination among closely related diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations, and monitoring of disease progression can be achieved by analyzing blood biomarkers. Therefore, over the last decade large numbers of proteomics studies have been conducted to identify differentially expressed human serum/plasma proteins in different infectious diseases with the intent of discovering novel potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. However, in-depth review of the literature indicates that many reported biomarkers are altered in the same way in multiple infectious diseases, regardless of the type of infection. This might be a consequence of generic acute phase reactions, while the uniquely modulated candidates in different pathogenic infections could be indicators of some specific responses. In this review article, we will provide a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed serum/plasma proteins in various infectious diseases and categorize the protein markers associated with generic or specific responses. The challenges associated with the discovery, validation, and translational phases of serum/plasma biomarker establishment are also discussed.
除了直接检测感染病原体或病原体自身的生物标志物外，替代宿主标志物也可用于敏感和早期诊断感染性疾病。通过分析血液生物标志物，可实现对感染性疾病的早期检测、鉴别临床表现重叠的密切相关疾病，以及监测疾病进展。因此，在过去十年中，已开展了大量的蛋白质组学研究，以鉴定不同感染性疾病中差异表达的人血清/血浆蛋白，旨在发现新的潜在诊断/预后生物标志物。然而，深入审查文献表明，许多报道的生物标志物在多种感染性疾病中以相同的方式发生改变，而不管感染类型如何。这可能是一般性急性反应的结果，而在不同的致病性感染中独特调节的候选物可能是某些特定反应的指标。在这篇综述文章中，我们将对各种感染性疾病中差异表达的血清/血浆蛋白进行全面分析，并对与通用或特定反应相关的蛋白标志物进行分类。还讨论了与发现、验证和转化阶段的血清/血浆生物标志物建立相关的挑战。
