INSERM U955 équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France; The Vaccine Research Institute (VRI) and Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.
Immunology. 2014 May;142(1):32-8. doi: 10.1111/imm.12227.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression within cells. One particular miRNA, miR-155, is highly expressed within lymphocytes (both B and T cells) and mediates a number of important roles. These include shaping the transcriptome of lymphoid cells that control diverse biological functions vital in adaptive immunity. The use of mice engineered to be deficient in miR-155, as well as the identification of endogenous targets of miR-155 in T cells by transcriptome-wide analysis, has helped to unravel the crucial role that this miRNA plays in fine tuning the regulation of lymphocyte subsets such as B cells, CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells ranging from T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells. In this review, we summarize what we have learned about miR-155 in the regulation of lymphocyte responses at the cellular and molecular levels and in particular, we focus on the recent findings showing that miR-155 shapes the balance between tolerance and immunity.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 已成为细胞内基因表达的关键调控因子。一种特定的 miRNA，miR-155，在淋巴细胞（B 和 T 细胞）中高度表达，并介导许多重要作用。这些作用包括塑造控制适应性免疫中至关重要的多种生物功能的淋巴细胞转录组。使用基因工程小鼠缺乏 miR-155，以及通过全转录组分析鉴定 T 细胞中 miR-155 的内源性靶标，有助于揭示这种 miRNA 在微调淋巴细胞亚群（如 B 细胞、CD8(+) 和 CD4(+) T 细胞）的调节中发挥的关键作用，包括 T 辅助细胞 1 (Th1)、Th2、Th17 和调节性 T 细胞。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们在细胞和分子水平上了解到的 miR-155 在淋巴细胞反应调节中的作用，特别是我们关注的最近发现表明 miR-155 塑造了耐受和免疫之间的平衡。
