Panic Mirna, Ford James D
Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 boulevard Crémazie Est, Montréal, Québec, H2P1E2, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 Dec 12;10(12):7083-109. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10127083.
Climate change is likely to have significant implications for human health, particularly through alterations of the incidence, prevalence, and distribution of infectious diseases. In the context of these risks, governments in high income nations have begun developing strategies to reduce potential climate change impacts and increase health system resilience (i.e., adaptation). In this paper, we review and evaluate national-level adaptation planning in relation to infectious disease risks in 14 OECD countries with respect to "best practices" for adaptation identified in peer-reviewed literature. We find a number of limitations to current planning, including negligible consideration of the needs of vulnerable population groups, limited emphasis on local risks, and inadequate attention to implementation logistics, such as available funding and timelines for evaluation. The nature of planning documents varies widely between nations, four of which currently lack adaptation plans. In those countries where planning documents were available, adaptations were mainstreamed into existing public health programs, and prioritized a sectoral, rather than multidisciplinary, approach. The findings are consistent with other scholarship examining adaptation planning indicating an ad hoc and fragmented process, and support the need for enhanced attention to adaptation to infectious disease risks in public health policy at a national level.
气候变化可能会对人类健康产生重大影响，尤其是通过改变传染病的发病率、流行率和分布来实现。在这些风险背景下，高收入国家的政府已开始制定战略，以减少气候变化的潜在影响并提高卫生系统的复原力（即适应能力）。在本文中，我们参照同行评议文献中确定的适应“最佳实践”，对14个经合组织国家与传染病风险相关的国家级适应规划进行审查和评估。我们发现当前规划存在一些局限性，包括对弱势群体需求的考虑微乎其微、对当地风险的强调有限，以及对实施后勤工作（如可用资金和评估时间表）的关注不足。各国规划文件的性质差异很大，其中四个国家目前缺乏适应计划。在那些有规划文件的国家，适应措施被纳入现有的公共卫生项目并成为主流，且优先采用部门性而非多学科方法。这些发现与其他研究适应规划的学术成果一致，表明这是一个临时且零散的过程，并支持在国家层面的公共卫生政策中加强对传染病风险适应的关注。
