Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics.
Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2013 Nov;122(4):1070-6. doi: 10.1037/a0034238.
Correlational studies consistently report relationships between childhood trauma (CT) and most personality disorder (PD) criteria and diagnoses. However, it is not clear whether CT is directly related to PDs or whether common familial factors (i.e., shared environment and/or genetic factors) better account for that relationship. The current study used a cotwin control design to examine support for a direct effect of CT on PD criterion counts. Participants were from the Norwegian Twin Registry (N = 2,780), including a subset (n = 898) of twin pairs (449 pairs, 45% monozygotic [MZ]) discordant for CT meeting DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Criterion A. All participants completed the Norwegian version of the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality. Significant associations between CT and all PD criterion counts were detected in the general sample; however, the magnitude of observed effects was small, with CT accounting for no more than approximately 1% of variance in PD criterion counts. A significant, yet modest, interactive effect was detected for sex and CT on Schizoid and Schizotypal PD criterion counts, with CT being related to these disorders among women but not men. After common familial factors were accounted for in the discordant twin sample, CT was significantly related to Borderline and Antisocial PD criterion counts, but no other disorders; however, the magnitude of observed effects was quite modest (r2 = .006 for both outcomes), indicating that the small effect observed in the full sample is likely better accounted for by common genetic and/or environmental factors. CT does not appear to be a key factor in PD etiology.
相关性研究一致报告了儿童创伤 (CT) 与大多数人格障碍 (PD) 标准和诊断之间的关系。然而，目前尚不清楚 CT 是否与 PD 直接相关，或者是否常见的家庭因素（即共同环境和/或遗传因素）更好地解释了这种关系。本研究使用同卵双生子对照设计来检验 CT 对 PD 标准计数的直接影响的支持。参与者来自挪威双胞胎登记处 (N = 2780)，包括一个亚组 (n = 898)，这些双胞胎对 CT 符合 DSM-IV 创伤后应激障碍 A 标准存在不一致。所有参与者都完成了挪威版的 DSM-IV 人格结构访谈。在一般样本中，检测到 CT 与所有 PD 标准计数之间存在显著关联；然而，观察到的效应幅度较小，CT 仅占 PD 标准计数方差的不超过约 1%。在性别的显著、适度的交互作用和 CT 对分裂型和分裂型 PD 标准计数的影响中，CT 与这些障碍有关，但与男性无关。在不一致的双胞胎样本中考虑到常见的家庭因素后，CT 与边缘型和反社会型 PD 标准计数显著相关，但与其他障碍无关；然而，观察到的效应幅度相当小（两个结果的 r2 =.006），表明在全样本中观察到的小效应可能更好地由共同的遗传和/或环境因素来解释。CT 似乎不是 PD 病因学中的关键因素。
