Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources & Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Rd., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2014 Jan;23(1):29-39. doi: 10.1111/mec.12509. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
While population declines can drive the loss of genetic diversity under some circumstances, it has been unclear whether this loss is a general consequence of overharvest in highly abundant marine fishes. We compiled data from 11 049 loci across 140 species and found that allelic richness was lower in overfished populations within 9 of 12 genera and families. A multiple linear regression showed that allelic richness was on average 12% lower (P < 0.0001) in overharvested populations after accounting for the effects of body size, latitude and other factors. Heterozygosity was on average 2% lower (P = 0.030). Simulations confirmed that these patterns are consistent with a recent bottleneck in abundant species and also showed that our analysis likely underestimates the loss of rare alleles by a factor of two or three. This evidence suggests that overharvest drives the decay of genetic diversity across a wide range of marine fishes. Such reductions of genetic diversity in some of the world's most abundant species may lead to a long-term impact of fishing on their evolutionary potential, particularly if abundance remains low and diversity continues to decay.
虽然在某些情况下，人口减少可能导致遗传多样性的丧失，但尚不清楚这种损失是否是过度捕捞高度丰富的海洋鱼类的普遍后果。我们整合了来自 140 个物种的 11049 个基因座的数据，发现在 12 个属和科中的 9 个属中，过度捕捞的种群的等位基因丰富度较低。多元线性回归表明，在考虑了体型、纬度和其他因素的影响后，过度捕捞的种群中的等位基因丰富度平均降低了 12%（P<0.0001）。杂合度平均降低了 2%（P=0.030）。模拟结果证实，这些模式与丰富物种的近期瓶颈一致，同时还表明，我们的分析可能低估了稀有等位基因丧失的程度，低估了两到三倍。这一证据表明，过度捕捞导致了广泛的海洋鱼类遗传多样性的衰减。如果这些世界上最丰富的物种的丰度仍然较低，并且多样性继续减少，那么在某些物种中遗传多样性的减少可能会对其进化潜力产生长期影响。
