Peteet John R
Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
J Relig Health. 2014 Aug;53(4):1190-8. doi: 10.1007/s10943-013-9816-9.
Value neutrality in psychotherapy is widely acknowledged to be a myth, and a majority of US physicians report that their religious faith influences their practice. Most attention to therapists' religious and spiritual commitments has focused on ethical boundaries, transference/countertransference dynamics and questions about how to relate religious and psychological truth. No consensus exists about the legitimate place in psychotherapy of clinicians' differing value commitments. Therapists' virtues are vitally important in psychotherapy, not least in the relational and aspirational process by which the patient identifies with the therapist as they engage together in confronting obstacles which the patient has been unable to surmount alone. Among the individual and cultural factors that shape a therapist's virtues are spiritual traditions, which encourage preferred or characteristic virtues. Arguably, these include for Jews, communal responsibility and critical thought; for Christians, love and grace; for Muslims, reverence and obedience; for Buddhists, equanimity and compassion; for Hindus, appreciation of Dharma and Karma; and for secularists, respect for scientific evidence and intelligibility. These have differing implications for treatment, as illustrated through the use of a hypothetical case. Attention to differing spiritual and religious virtues in a pluralistic culture offers opportunities for creative dialogue, collaborative teaching and interdisciplinary research.
心理治疗中的价值中立被广泛认为是一种神话，而且大多数美国医生报告称他们的宗教信仰会影响其医疗实践。对治疗师宗教和精神信仰的关注大多集中在道德界限、移情/反移情动态以及如何关联宗教真理和心理真理等问题上。对于临床医生不同价值承诺在心理治疗中的合理位置，目前尚无共识。治疗师的美德在心理治疗中至关重要，尤其是在患者与治疗师共同面对患者独自无法克服的障碍时，患者认同治疗师的关系和抱负过程中。塑造治疗师美德的个人和文化因素包括精神传统，这些传统鼓励特定的或典型的美德。可以说，对犹太人来说，这些美德包括集体责任和批判性思维；对基督徒来说，是爱与恩典；对穆斯林来说，是崇敬与顺从；对佛教徒来说，是平静与慈悲；对印度教徒来说，是对法与业的领悟；对世俗主义者来说，是对科学证据和可理解性的尊重。通过一个假设案例可以说明，这些对治疗有着不同的影响。在多元文化中关注不同的精神和宗教美德为创造性对话、合作教学和跨学科研究提供了机会。
