Kazemi Ashraf, Ramezanzadeh Fatemeh, Esfahani Mohammad Hosein Nasr, Saboor-Yaraghi Ali Akbar, Nejat Saharnaz, Rahimi-Foroshani Abbas
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Res Med Sci. 2013 Aug;18(8):688-94.
Cigarette smoke contains many oxidants and may alter the human reproduction by inducing oxidative stress (OS) in both active and passive smokers. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on oxidative stress in the follicular fluid and the assisted reproduction outcomes.
An observational prospective study was carried out on 236 infertile women, who underwent assisted reproduction cycles. The ETS exposure was assessed using self-reported ETS exposure and the cotinine level in follicular fluid. To evaluate the OS in follicular fluid (FF) malon-di-aldehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. The number of retrieved oocytes, rate of metaphase II stage oocytes, fertilization rate, good cleavage rate, and no-fragmented embryo rate were considered as the assisted reproduction outcomes. The results were adjusted for age, body mass index, duration, and etiology of infertility; P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
The MDA and TAC levels in FF were not related to the self-report number of the weekly ETS exposure and cotinine levels in FF. Also, the number of retrieved oocytes, MII stage oocytes, fertilization rate, good cleavage rate, and no-fragmented embryo rate were not related to the cotinine level and weekly ETS exposure. However, in women whose cotinine levels in FF were lower and equal/above 3.5 ng/ml, the number of retrieved oocytes was higher (12.63 ± .71 vs. 9.28 ± 1.11, P = 0.01). The relationship between the MDA level and cleavage rate (Beta = -18.5, confidence interval-34.9 and-2.1, P < 0.05) was negatively significant and the relationship between the MII stage rate with TAC (Beta = 0.02, confidence interval 0.01 and 0.04, P < 0.05) was positively significant.
The ETS exposure may alter the assisted reproduction success by influencing the number of available oocytes. Although, the OS in a follicular environment affect the ability of oocytes to reach the specific cleavage stages at appropriate time intervals, it does not mediate poor-assisted reproduction outcomes due to ETS exposure.
香烟烟雾含有多种氧化剂，可能通过在主动和被动吸烟者中诱导氧化应激（OS）来改变人类生殖。本研究旨在评估环境烟草烟雾（ETS）暴露对卵泡液中氧化应激及辅助生殖结局的影响。
对236名接受辅助生殖周期的不孕妇女进行了一项前瞻性观察研究。使用自我报告的ETS暴露情况和卵泡液中可替宁水平评估ETS暴露。为评估卵泡液（FF）中的OS，测量了丙二醛（MDA）和总抗氧化能力（TAC）。回收的卵母细胞数量、中期II期卵母细胞率、受精率、良好分裂率和无碎片胚胎率被视为辅助生殖结局。结果针对年龄、体重指数、不孕持续时间和病因进行了调整；P值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
FF中的MDA和TAC水平与自我报告的每周ETS暴露次数及FF中的可替宁水平无关。此外，回收的卵母细胞数量、MII期卵母细胞数量、受精率、良好分裂率和无碎片胚胎率与可替宁水平及每周ETS暴露无关。然而，在FF中可替宁水平较低且等于/高于3.5 ng/ml的女性中，回收的卵母细胞数量更高（12.63±.71对9.28±1.11，P = 0.01）。MDA水平与分裂率之间的关系（β=-18.5，置信区间-34.9和-2.1，P < 0.05）呈负显著相关，MII期率与TAC之间的关系（β = 0.02，置信区间0.01和0.04，P < 0.05）呈正显著相关。
ETS暴露可能通过影响可用卵母细胞数量来改变辅助生殖的成功率。虽然卵泡环境中的OS会影响卵母细胞在适当时间间隔达到特定分裂阶段的能力，但它并不会介导因ETS暴露导致的辅助生殖不良结局。
