Int J Health Serv. 2013;43(4):699-719. doi: 10.2190/HS.43.4.g.
The southern provinces of Mozambique have some of the world's highest recorded levels of HIV and tuberculosis (TB). They are also characterized by high levels of cross-border migration, particularly to mines in South Africa. Through the Declaration on Tuberculosis in the Mining Sector in August 2012, heads of state of the Southern African Development Community showed an increased commitment to addressing TB and HIV among migrant mine workers, but there is much left to do. This article analyzes the importance of recent policy developments, both regional and national. We report new research from 2011-2012 on health-related attitudes and behaviors of Mozambican mine workers and their families and present an estimate of the financial burden of disease related to migrant mine work for Mozambique's public services and migrant-sending communities. We recommend that the Declaration be operationalized and enforced. Practical measures should include training of health workers in migrants' right to health; user-friendly health information in Portuguese and local languages; building the advocacy capacity of mine workers' representatives; and more attention to social, cultural, and economic factors that affect migrant mine workers' health, including better access to health information and services and livelihoods for wives, widows, and orphans in communities of origin.
莫桑比克南部省份的艾滋病毒和结核病（TB）感染率居世界前列。这些省份的特点还包括跨境移民水平较高，尤其是前往南非矿区的移民。2012 年 8 月，南部非洲发展共同体（南共体）国家元首发表了《矿业部门结核病问题宣言》，表明了它们在处理移民矿工的结核病和艾滋病毒问题上的承诺有所增加，但仍有许多工作要做。本文分析了近期区域和国家政策发展的重要性。我们报告了 2011-2012 年关于莫桑比克矿区工人及其家属的健康相关态度和行为的新研究，并估算了与矿区移民工作相关的疾病对莫桑比克公共服务和移民输出社区的财政负担。我们建议《宣言》应得到落实和执行。实际措施应包括培训卫生工作者了解移民的健康权利；用葡萄牙语和当地语言提供通俗易懂的健康信息；增强矿区工人代表的宣传能力；更加关注影响移民矿工健康的社会、文化和经济因素，包括改善移民及其家属获取健康信息和服务的机会以及原籍社区的生计。
