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J Neurosci Nurs. 2014 Feb;46(1):23-33. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000034.
Speed of processing training has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in normal older adults. A recent study demonstrated that middle-aged and older adults with HIV also improved on a measure of speed of processing and a measure of everyday functioning after such training. The primary objective was to examine what predicts the speed of processing training gains observed in the previous study. Participants were administered an extensive battery of demographic, psychosocial, and neuropsychological measures at baseline. They were randomized either to the speed of processing training group (n = 22) or to a no-contact control group (n = 24). Participants received approximately 10 hours of computerized speed of processing training. Predictors of training gains on the Useful Field of View (UFOV) Test and the Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (TIADL) Test were examined through correlational analyses. In general, those who performed worse on the UFOV and TIADL at baseline demonstrated significantly more training gains. Also, higher HIV viral load, poorer medication adherence, a higher number of years diagnosed with HIV, and lower baseline scores on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (an executive functioning measure) were correlated with better TIADL training gains. TIADL performance improved in those with higher HIV viral load, poorer medication adherence, and poor executive functioning. Speed of processing training may be a way to improve everyday functioning and therefore quality of life in more medically and cognitively vulnerable adults with HIV.
速度处理训练已被证明可以改善正常老年人的认知功能。最近的一项研究表明，中年和老年艾滋病毒感染者在接受这种训练后，在速度处理和日常功能的测量上也有所提高。主要目的是研究是什么预测了之前研究中观察到的速度处理训练收益。参与者在基线时接受了广泛的人口统计学、社会心理和神经心理学测试。他们被随机分配到速度处理训练组（n = 22）或无接触对照组（n = 24）。参与者接受了大约 10 小时的计算机化速度处理训练。通过相关分析，研究了有用视野（UFOV）测试和定时工具性日常生活活动（TIADL）测试中训练收益的预测因素。一般来说，那些在 UFOV 和 TIADL 上基线表现较差的人，表现出了明显更多的训练收益。此外，较高的 HIV 病毒载量、较差的药物依从性、更长的 HIV 诊断年限以及威斯康星卡片分类测试（一种执行功能测试）的基线分数较低，与 TIADL 训练收益更好相关。在 HIV 病毒载量较高、药物依从性较差和执行功能较差的患者中，TIADL 表现有所改善。速度处理训练可能是改善更多医学和认知上脆弱的 HIV 感染者日常生活功能和生活质量的一种方法。
