University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida;
Physiol Genomics. 2014 Mar 1;46(5):149-58. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00169.2013. Epub 2014 Jan 14.
To date, physical exercise is the only intervention consistently demonstrated to attenuate age-related declines in physical function. However, variability exists in seniors' responsiveness to training. One potential source of variability is the insertion (I allele) or deletion (D allele) of a 287 bp fragment in intron 16 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. This polymorphism is known to influence a variety of physiological adaptions to exercise. However, evidence is inconclusive regarding the influence of this polymorphism on older adults' functional responses to exercise. This study aimed to evaluate the association of ACE I/D genotypes with changes in physical function among Caucasian older adults (n = 283) following 12 mo of either structured, multimodal physical activity or health education. Measures of physical function included usual-paced gait speed and performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). After checking Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we used using linear regression to evaluate the genotypetreatment interaction for each outcome. Covariates included clinic site, body mass index, age, sex, baseline score, comorbidity, and use of angiotensin receptor blockers or ACE inhibitors. Genotype frequencies [II (19.4%), ID (42.4%), DD (38.2%)] were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The genotypetreatment interaction was statistically significant for both gait speed (P = 0.002) and SPPB (P = 0.020). Exercise improved gait speed by 0.06 ± 0.01 m/sec and SPPB score by 0.72 ± 0.16 points among those with at least one D allele (ID/DD carriers), but function was not improved among II carriers. Thus, ACE I/D genotype appears to play a role in modulating functional responses to exercise training in seniors.
迄今为止，体育锻炼是唯一被证明可减缓与年龄相关的身体功能下降的干预措施。然而，老年人对训练的反应存在差异。变异性的一个潜在来源是血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因 16 号内含子中 287bp 片段的插入（I 等位基因）或缺失（D 等位基因）。这种多态性已知会影响多种对运动的生理适应。然而，关于这种多态性对老年人运动功能反应的影响的证据尚无定论。本研究旨在评估 ACE I/D 基因型与 12 个月结构化、多模式体育活动或健康教育后白种老年人（n=283）身体功能变化之间的关系。身体功能的测量包括常规步速和短体物理表现电池（SPPB）的表现。在检查 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡后，我们使用线性回归来评估每个结果的基因型治疗相互作用。协变量包括诊所地点、体重指数、年龄、性别、基线评分、合并症以及血管紧张素受体阻滞剂或 ACE 抑制剂的使用。基因型频率[II（19.4%）、ID（42.4%）、DD（38.2%）]处于 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡（P>0.05）。基因型治疗相互作用在步速（P=0.002）和 SPPB（P=0.020）方面均具有统计学意义。在至少携带一个 D 等位基因（ID/DD 携带者）的人群中，运动使步速提高了 0.06±0.01m/sec，SPPB 评分提高了 0.72±0.16 分，但 II 携带者的功能没有改善。因此，ACE I/D 基因型似乎在调节老年人对运动训练的功能反应中发挥作用。
