Tatem Andrew J
Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, UK.
Int Health. 2014 Mar;6(1):5-11. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihu006. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
For most of human history, populations have been relatively isolated from each other, and only recently has there been extensive contact between peoples, flora and fauna from both old and new worlds. The reach, volume and speed of modern travel are unprecedented, with human mobility increasing in high income countries by over 1000-fold since 1800. This growth is putting people at risk from the emergence of new strains of familiar diseases, and from completely new diseases, while ever more cases of the movement of both disease vectors and the diseases they carry are being seen. Pathogens and their vectors can now move further, faster and in greater numbers than ever before. Equally however, we now have access to the most detailed and comprehensive datasets on human mobility and pathogen distributions ever assembled, in order to combat these threats. This short review paper provides an overview of these datasets, with a particular focus on low income regions, and covers briefly approaches used to combine them to help us understand and control some of the negative effects of population and pathogen movements.
在人类历史的大部分时间里，各人群相对彼此隔绝，直到最近，新旧世界的人群、动植物之间才有了广泛的接触。现代旅行的范围、规模和速度都是前所未有的，自1800年以来，高收入国家的人员流动增长了1000多倍。这种增长使人们面临熟悉疾病新毒株出现以及全新疾病的风险，同时疾病传播媒介及其携带疾病的传播案例也越来越多。病原体及其传播媒介如今能够比以往更远、更快、数量更多地移动。然而同样地，我们现在能够获取有史以来最详细、最全面的关于人员流动和病原体分布的数据集，以应对这些威胁。这篇简短的综述文章概述了这些数据集，特别关注低收入地区，并简要介绍了用于将它们结合起来以帮助我们理解和控制人口与病原体流动的一些负面影响的方法。
