Al-Matary Abdulrahman, Ali Jaffar
Department of Neonatology, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh, P,O, Box 59046, 11525 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
BMC Med Ethics. 2014 Feb 5;15:10. doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-15-10.
Approximately one-fourth of all the inhabitants on earth are Muslims. Due to unprecedented migration, physicians are often confronted with cultures other than their own that adhere to different paradigms.
In Islam, and most religions, abortion is forbidden. Islam is considerably liberal concerning abortion, which is dependent on (i) the threat of harm to mothers, (ii) the status of the pregnancy before or after ensoulment (on the 120th day of gestation), and (iii) the presence of foetal anomalies that are incompatible with life. Considerable variation in religious edicts exists, but most Islamic scholars agree that the termination of a pregnancy for foetal anomalies is allowed before ensoulment, after which abortion becomes totally forbidden, even in the presence of foetal abnormalities; the exception being a risk to the mother's life or confirmed intrauterine death.
The authors urge Muslim law makers to also consider abortion post ensoulment if it is certain that the malformed foetus will decease soon after birth or will be severely malformed and physically and mentally incapacitated after birth to avoid substantial hardship that may continue for years for mothers and family members. The authors recommend that an institutional committee governed and monitored by a national committee make decisions pertaining to abortion to ensure that ethics are preserved and mistakes are prevented. Anomalous foetuses must be detected at the earliest possible time to enable an appropriate medical intervention prior to the 120th day.
地球上约四分之一的居民是穆斯林。由于前所未有的移民现象，医生常常会面对与其自身文化不同且遵循不同范式的文化。
在伊斯兰教以及大多数宗教中，堕胎是被禁止的。伊斯兰教在堕胎问题上相当开明，这取决于以下几点：（i）对母亲造成伤害的威胁；（ii）胎动（妊娠第120天）前后的妊娠状态；（iii）存在与生命不相容的胎儿异常情况。宗教法令存在相当大的差异，但大多数伊斯兰学者一致认为，在胎动前因胎儿异常而终止妊娠是允许的，胎动后堕胎则完全被禁止，即使存在胎儿异常情况也不例外；除非对母亲的生命构成风险或确认胎儿已在子宫内死亡。
作者敦促穆斯林立法者，如果确定畸形胎儿出生后不久就会死亡，或者出生后将严重畸形且身心无行为能力，那么在胎动后也应考虑堕胎，以避免母亲和家庭成员可能持续数年的巨大痛苦。作者建议由一个由国家委员会管理和监督的机构委员会就堕胎问题做出决策，以确保维护伦理道德并防止出现失误。必须尽早检测出异常胎儿，以便在第120天之前进行适当的医疗干预。
