Lee Dong Ryul, Kim Hyo-Sung, Lee Jungun
Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea.
Korean J Fam Med. 2014 Jan;35(1):28-34. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.2014.35.1.28. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
Previous studies have shown that self-reports tend to underestimate smoking status, especially among women in Korea. We therefore assessed the characteristics of Korean women smokers who falsely described themselves as non-smokers.
The subjects were 4,135 adult women aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of these, 3,151 subjects answered questions about their smoking status on self-reported questionnaires and underwent assays of urinary cotinine concentration. Subgroups of false respondents (n = 131) and true respondents (n = 198) regarding smoking were determined by comparing their responses on questionnaires with their urinary cotinine levels.
Among adult Korean women, the self-reported smoking rate was 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.4% to 8.4%); however, using urinary cotinine >100 ng/mL as a marker of smoking, the smoking rate was 11.8% (95% CI, 10.5% to 13.3%). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for type of household, family income, and suicidal ideation, the odds ratios (ORs) of false respondents were 3.49 (95% CI, 1.41 to 8.63) for college-educated women and 2.47 (95% CI, 1.22 to 5.01) for women with high school education, relative to women with elementary school education. Married women with living spouses (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.33 to 5.90) were more likely to respond falsely than unmarried women. Women who reported trying to reduce weight within 1 year (OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.47 to 4.93) and those who reported being less stressed (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.08 to 3.07) were more likely to be false respondents.
The smoking rate determined using urinary cotinine concentration was higher than the self-reported rate among Korean women. Among smokers, those who were more educated, married, living with a husband, trying to reduce weight, and less stressed tended to describe themselves falsely as non-smokers.
既往研究表明，自我报告往往会低估吸烟状况，在韩国女性中尤为如此。因此，我们评估了那些将自己错误描述为非吸烟者的韩国女性吸烟者的特征。
研究对象为4135名年龄≥19岁的成年女性，她们参与了2008年韩国全国健康与营养检查调查。其中，3151名受试者在自我报告问卷中回答了有关吸烟状况的问题，并接受了尿可替宁浓度检测。通过比较问卷回答与尿可替宁水平，确定了吸烟方面的假应答者亚组（n = 131）和真应答者亚组（n = 198）。
在成年韩国女性中，自我报告的吸烟率为7.4%（95%置信区间[CI]，6.4%至8.4%）；然而，以尿可替宁>100 ng/mL作为吸烟标志物时，吸烟率为11.8%（95%CI，10.5%至13.3%）。在多变量分析中，在调整家庭类型、家庭收入和自杀意念后，相对于小学教育程度的女性，大学教育程度女性假应答者的优势比（OR）为3.49（95%CI，1.41至8.63），高中教育程度女性为2.47（95%CI，1.22至5.01）。有在世配偶的已婚女性（OR，2.80；95%CI，1.33至5.90）比未婚女性更有可能给出假应答。报告在1年内试图减肥的女性（OR，2.70；95%CI，1.47至4.93）和报告压力较小的女性（OR，1.82；95%CI，1.08至3.07）更有可能是假应答者。
使用尿可替宁浓度确定的吸烟率高于韩国女性的自我报告率。在吸烟者中，受教育程度较高、已婚、与丈夫同住、试图减肥且压力较小的人往往会将自己错误地描述为非吸烟者。
