Unsworth Nash, Fukuda Keisuke, Awh Edward, Vogel Edward K
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, United States.
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, United States.
Cogn Psychol. 2014 Jun;71:1-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Feb 14.
Several theories have been put forth to explain the relation between working memory (WM) and gF. Unfortunately, no single factor has been shown to fully account for the relation between these two important constructs. In the current study we tested whether multiple factors (capacity, attention control, and secondary memory) would collectively account for the relation. A large number of participants performed multiple measures of each construct and latent variable analyses were used to examine the data. The results demonstrated that capacity, attention control, and secondary memory were uniquely related to WM storage, WM processing, and gF. Importantly, the three factors completely accounted for the relation between WM (both processing and storage) and gF. Thus, although storage and processing make independent contributions to gF, both of these contributions are accounted for by variation in capacity, attention control and secondary memory. These results are consistent with the multifaceted view of WM, suggesting that individual differences in capacity, attention control, and secondary memory jointly account for individual differences in WM and its relation with gF.
已经提出了几种理论来解释工作记忆（WM）与一般流体智力（gF）之间的关系。不幸的是，没有一个单一因素能完全解释这两个重要概念之间的关系。在当前的研究中，我们测试了多个因素（容量、注意力控制和次级记忆）是否能共同解释这种关系。大量参与者对每个概念进行了多项测量，并使用潜变量分析来检验数据。结果表明，容量、注意力控制和次级记忆分别与工作记忆存储、工作记忆处理和一般流体智力有独特的关系。重要的是，这三个因素完全解释了工作记忆（包括处理和存储）与一般流体智力之间的关系。因此，虽然存储和处理对一般流体智力有独立的贡献，但这些贡献都可以通过容量、注意力控制和次级记忆的变化来解释。这些结果与工作记忆的多方面观点一致，表明容量、注意力控制和次级记忆的个体差异共同解释了工作记忆的个体差异及其与一般流体智力的关系。
