Mayorga-Vega Daniel, Merino-Marban Rafael, Viciana Jesús
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada , Spain.
Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Malaga , Spain.
J Sports Sci Med. 2014 Jan 20;13(1):1-14. eCollection 2014 Jan.
The main purpose of the present meta-analysis was to examine the scientific literature on the criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach tests for estimating hamstring and lumbar extensibility. For this purpose relevant studies were searched from seven electronic databases dated up through December 2012. Primary outcomes of criterion-related validity were Pearson´s zero-order correlation coefficients (r) between sit-and-reach tests and hamstrings and/or lumbar extensibility criterion measures. Then, from the included studies, the Hunter- Schmidt´s psychometric meta-analysis approach was conducted to estimate population criterion- related validity of sit-and-reach tests. Firstly, the corrected correlation mean (rp), unaffected by statistical artefacts (i.e., sampling error and measurement error), was calculated separately for each sit-and-reach test. Subsequently, the three potential moderator variables (sex of participants, age of participants, and level of hamstring extensibility) were examined by a partially hierarchical analysis. Of the 34 studies included in the present meta-analysis, 99 correlations values across eight sit-and-reach tests and 51 across seven sit-and-reach tests were retrieved for hamstring and lumbar extensibility, respectively. The overall results showed that all sit-and-reach tests had a moderate mean criterion-related validity for estimating hamstring extensibility (rp = 0.46-0.67), but they had a low mean for estimating lumbar extensibility (rp = 0. 16-0.35). Generally, females, adults and participants with high levels of hamstring extensibility tended to have greater mean values of criterion-related validity for estimating hamstring extensibility. When the use of angular tests is limited such as in a school setting or in large scale studies, scientists and practitioners could use the sit-and-reach tests as a useful alternative for hamstring extensibility estimation, but not for estimating lumbar extensibility. Key PointsOverall sit-and-reach tests have a moderate mean criterion-related validity for estimating hamstring extensibility, but they have a low mean validity for estimating lumbar extensibility.Among all the sit-and-reach test protocols, the Classic sit-and-reach test seems to be the best option to estimate hamstring extensibility.End scores (e.g., the Classic sit-and-reach test) are a better indicator of hamstring extensibility than the modifications that incorporate fingers-to-box distance (e.g., the Modified sit-and-reach test).When angular tests such as straight leg raise or knee extension tests cannot be used, sit-and-reach tests seem to be a useful field test alternative to estimate hamstring extensibility, but not to estimate lumbar extensibility.
本荟萃分析的主要目的是研究关于坐位体前屈测试在评估腘绳肌和腰椎伸展性方面与标准相关效度的科学文献。为此，从截至2012年12月的七个电子数据库中检索了相关研究。与标准相关效度的主要结果是坐位体前屈测试与腘绳肌和/或腰椎伸展性标准测量之间的皮尔逊零阶相关系数（r）。然后，从纳入的研究中，采用亨特 - 施密特心理测量荟萃分析方法来估计坐位体前屈测试的总体与标准相关效度。首先，分别为每个坐位体前屈测试计算不受统计假象（即抽样误差和测量误差）影响的校正相关均值（rp）。随后，通过部分分层分析研究了三个潜在的调节变量（参与者性别、参与者年龄和腘绳肌伸展水平）。在本荟萃分析纳入的34项研究中，分别检索到了八项坐位体前屈测试中关于腘绳肌伸展性的99个相关值和七项坐位体前屈测试中关于腰椎伸展性的51个相关值。总体结果表明，所有坐位体前屈测试在评估腘绳肌伸展性方面具有中等的与标准相关效度（rp = 0.46 - 0.67），但在评估腰椎伸展性方面均值较低（rp = 0.16 - 0.35）。一般来说，女性、成年人以及腘绳肌伸展性高的参与者在评估腘绳肌伸展性时往往具有更高的与标准相关效度均值。当诸如在学校环境或大规模研究中角度测试的使用受到限制时，科学家和从业者可以将坐位体前屈测试作为评估腘绳肌伸展性的有用替代方法，但不能用于评估腰椎伸展性。要点总体而言，坐位体前屈测试在评估腘绳肌伸展性方面具有中等的与标准相关效度，但在评估腰椎伸展性方面均值效度较低。在所有坐位体前屈测试方案中，经典坐位体前屈测试似乎是评估腘绳肌伸展性的最佳选择。最终得分（例如经典坐位体前屈测试）比纳入手指到箱子距离的修改版（例如改良坐位体前屈测试）更能体现腘绳肌伸展性。当无法使用诸如直腿抬高或膝关节伸展测试等角度测试时，坐位体前屈测试似乎是评估腘绳肌伸展性的有用现场测试替代方法，但不能用于评估腰椎伸展性。
