Zhang Tengxiao, Han Buxin
Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 24;9(2):e89193. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089193. eCollection 2014.
Recent research has shown that the color red influences psychological functioning. Red is hypothesized to be linked to aggression and danger in evolution, and these links are enhanced by culture-specific uses of red. Thus, color meanings are thought to be grounded in biologically based proclivities and learned associations. However, to date, there has been no direct evidence for the influence of experience on the red effect. This study focused on whether experience could change the psychological effects of the color red. In the context of the Chinese stock market, contrary to the meaning generally associated with red as negative and green as positive, red represents a rise in stock price and green stands for a decrease. An experiment using a 2×2 between subjects factorial design demonstrated that red (compared with green) impaired Chinese college students' performance on an IQ test (in accordance with the red effect), but the opposite effect was found among stockbrokers. These results provide direct evidence of learned color meanings, in support of the general model of color effect.
近期研究表明，红色会影响心理机能。在进化过程中，红色被假定与攻击性和危险相关联，而文化对红色的特定运用强化了这些联系。因此，颜色的含义被认为基于生物倾向和习得的联想。然而，迄今为止，尚无直接证据表明经验会对红色效应产生影响。本研究聚焦于经验是否能够改变红色的心理效应。在中国股票市场的背景下，与通常认为红色代表负面、绿色代表正面的含义相反，红色表示股价上涨，绿色表示股价下跌。一项采用2×2组间析因设计的实验表明，红色（与绿色相比）会削弱中国大学生在智商测试中的表现（符合红色效应），但在股票经纪人中却发现了相反的效应。这些结果为习得的颜色含义提供了直接证据，支持了颜色效应的一般模型。
