Rosnah I, Noor Hassim I, Shafizah A S
UKM Medical Centre, Department of Community Health, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Med J Malaysia. 2013 Oct;68(5):424-34.
The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was first constructed to measure eating behavior in an English population in the United States. It has been validated and translated for various populations in different languages. The aim of this article is to describe a systematic process for translating the questionnaire from English to Malay language.
The report of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR) Task Force was used as the basis for the systematic translation process. The process began with preparation; followed by forward translation (2 independent translators), reconciliation, back translation (2 independent translators), back translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, review of cognitive debriefing results and finalization, proofreading; and ended with the final report. Four independent Malay translators who fluent in English and reside in Malaysia were involved in the process. A team of health care researchers had assisted the review of the new translated questionnaires.
Majority of the TFEQ-R21 items were experiencing, conceptually and semantically equivalence between original English and translated English. However, certain phrase such as "feels like bottomless pit" was difficult to translate by forward translators. Cognitive debriefing was a very helpful process to ensure the TFEQ-R21 Malay version was appropriate in term of wording and culturally accepted. A total of four redundant comments in regards to response scale wording, word confusion and wording arrangement.
The systematic translation process is a way to reduce the linguistic discrepancies between the English and Malay language in order to promote equivalence and culturally adapted TFEQ-R21 questionnaire.
三因素饮食问卷最初是为测量美国英语人群的饮食行为而编制的。它已针对不同语言的各种人群进行了验证和翻译。本文旨在描述将该问卷从英语翻译成马来语的系统过程。
国际药物经济学与结果研究协会（ISPOR）特别工作组的报告被用作系统翻译过程的基础。该过程始于准备工作；接着是正向翻译（2名独立翻译人员）、核对、反向翻译（2名独立翻译人员）、反向翻译审核、协调、认知反馈、认知反馈结果审核与定稿、校对；并以最终报告结束。四名精通英语且居住在马来西亚的独立马来语翻译人员参与了该过程。一组医疗保健研究人员协助对新翻译的问卷进行审核。
三因素饮食问卷修订版（TFEQ-R21）的大多数项目在原英语和翻译后的英语之间在体验、概念和语义上是等效的。然而，某些短语，如“感觉像个无底洞”，正向翻译人员很难翻译。认知反馈是一个非常有用的过程，可确保TFEQ-R21马来语版本在措辞和文化接受方面是合适的。关于回答量表措辞、单词混淆和措辞安排，共有四条多余的评论。
系统翻译过程是减少英语和马来语之间语言差异的一种方法，以促进等效且适合文化背景的TFEQ-R21问卷。
