Romano-Keeler Joann, Moore Daniel J, Wang Chunlin, Brucker Robert M, Fonnesbeck Christopher, Slaughter James C, Li Haijing, Curran Danielle P, Meng Shufang, Correa Hernan, Lovvorn Harold N, Tang Yi-Wei, Bordenstein Seth, George Alfred L, Weitkamp Jörn-Hendrik
Department of Pediatrics; Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN USA.
Department of Pediatrics; Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN USA.
Gut Microbes. 2014 Mar-Apr;5(2):192-201. doi: 10.4161/gmic.28442. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
Fecal sampling is widely utilized to define small intestinal tissue-level microbial communities in healthy and diseased newborns. However, this approach may lead to inaccurate assessments of disease or therapeutics in newborns because of the assumption that the taxa in the fecal microbiota are representative of the taxa present throughout the gastrointestinal tract. To assess the stratification of microbes in the newborn gut and to evaluate the probable shortcoming of fecal sampling in place of tissue sampling, we simultaneously compared intestinal mucosa and fecal microbial communities in 15 neonates undergoing intestinal resections. We report three key results. First, when the site of fecal and mucosal samples are further apart, their microbial communities are more distinct, as indicated by low mean Sørensen similarity indices for each patient's fecal and tissue microbiota. Second, two distinct niches (intestinal mucosa and fecal microbiota) are evident by principal component analyses, demonstrating the critical role of sample source in defining microbial composition. Finally, in contrast to adult studies, intestinal bacterial diversity was higher in tissue than in fecal samples. This study represents an unprecedented map of the infant microbiota from intestinal mucosa and establishes discernable biogeography throughout the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Our results question the reliance on fecal microbiota as a proxy for the developing intestinal microbiota. Additionally, the robust intestinal tissue-level bacterial diversity we detected at these early ages may contribute to the maturation of mucosal immunity.
粪便采样被广泛用于确定健康和患病新生儿小肠组织水平的微生物群落。然而，由于假定粪便微生物群中的分类群代表整个胃肠道中的分类群，这种方法可能导致对新生儿疾病或治疗方法的评估不准确。为了评估新生儿肠道中微生物的分层情况，并评估用粪便采样代替组织采样可能存在的缺点，我们同时比较了15例接受肠道切除术的新生儿的肠黏膜和粪便微生物群落。我们报告了三个关键结果。首先，当粪便和黏膜样本的采集部位距离更远时，它们的微生物群落差异更大，这体现在每位患者粪便和组织微生物群的平均索伦森相似性指数较低。其次，主成分分析表明存在两个不同的生态位（肠黏膜和粪便微生物群），这证明了样本来源在确定微生物组成中的关键作用。最后，与成人研究不同，组织中的肠道细菌多样性高于粪便样本。这项研究绘制了一幅前所未有的来自肠黏膜的婴儿微生物群图谱，并确定了整个新生儿胃肠道中可辨别的生物地理学。我们的结果对依赖粪便微生物群作为发育中肠道微生物群的替代指标提出了质疑。此外，我们在这些早期阶段检测到的强大的肠道组织水平细菌多样性可能有助于黏膜免疫的成熟。
