Wood Joanne M, Owsley Cynthia
School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld., Australia.
Gerontology. 2014;60(4):315-8. doi: 10.1159/000356753. Epub 2014 Mar 8.
The useful field of view test was developed to reflect the visual difficulties that older adults experience with everyday tasks. Importantly, the useful field of view test (UFOV) is one of the most extensively researched and promising predictor tests for a range of driving outcomes measures, including driving ability and crash risk as well as other everyday tasks. Currently available commercial versions of the test can be administered using personal computers; these measure the speed of visual processing for rapid detection and localization of targets under conditions of divided visual attention and in the presence and absence of visual clutter. The test is believed to assess higher-order cognitive abilities, but performance also relies on visual sensory function because in order for targets to be attended to, they must be visible. The format of the UFOV has been modified over the years; the original version estimated the spatial extent of useful field of view, while the latest version measures visual processing speed. While deficits in the useful field of view are associated with functional impairments in everyday activities in older adults, there is also emerging evidence from several research groups that improvements in visual processing speed can be achieved through training. These improvements have been shown to reduce crash risk, and can have a positive impact on health and functional well-being, with the potential to increase the mobility and hence the independence of older adults.
有用视野测试旨在反映老年人在日常任务中所经历的视觉困难。重要的是，有用视野测试（UFOV）是针对一系列驾驶结果指标（包括驾驶能力、碰撞风险以及其他日常任务）进行了最广泛研究且最具前景的预测性测试之一。目前市面上可用的该测试商业版本可通过个人电脑进行；这些版本测量在视觉注意力分散以及存在和不存在视觉干扰的情况下，快速检测和定位目标的视觉处理速度。该测试被认为可评估高阶认知能力，但表现也依赖于视觉感觉功能，因为为了注意到目标，目标必须是可见的。多年来，UFOV的形式有所修改；最初版本估计有用视野的空间范围，而最新版本测量视觉处理速度。虽然有用视野的缺陷与老年人日常活动中的功能障碍相关，但也有几个研究小组的新证据表明，通过训练可以提高视觉处理速度。这些改善已被证明可降低碰撞风险，并对健康和功能幸福感产生积极影响，有可能增加老年人的活动能力，从而提高其独立性。
