Moreira Isabel, Severo Milton, Oliveira Andreia, Durão Catarina, Moreira Pedro, Barros Henrique, Lopes Carla
Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
Matern Child Nutr. 2016 Apr;12(2):314-25. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12132. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
Parental child-feeding attitudes and practices may compromise the development of healthy eating habits and adequate weight status in children. This study aimed to identify maternal child-feeding patterns in preschool-aged children and to evaluate their association with maternal social and health behavioural characteristics. Trained interviewers evaluated 4724 dyads of mothers and their 4-5-year-old child from the Generation XXI cohort. Maternal child-feeding attitudes and practices were assessed through the Child Feeding Questionnaire and the Overt/Covert Control scale. Associations were estimated using linear regression [adjusted for maternal education, body mass index (BMI), fruit and vegetables (F&V) intake and child's BMI z-score]. Principal component analysis defined a three-factor structure explaining 58% of the total variance of maternal child-feeding patterns: perceived monitoring - representing mothers with higher levels of monitoring, perceived responsibility and overt control; restriction - characterizing mothers with higher covert control, restriction and concerns about child's weight; pressure to eat - identifying mothers with higher levels of pressure to eat and overt control. Lower socioeconomic status, better health perception, higher F&V intake and offspring cohabitation were associated with more 'perceived monitoring' mothers. Higher maternal F&V intake and depression were associated with more 'restrictive' mothers. Younger mothers, less educated, with poorer health perception and offspring cohabiting, were associated with higher use of 'pressure to eat'. Maternal socioeconomic indicators and family environment were more associated with perceived monitoring and pressure to eat, whereas maternal health behavioural characteristics were mainly associated with restriction. These findings will be helpful in future research and public health programmes on child-feeding patterns.
父母的儿童喂养态度和行为可能会影响儿童健康饮食习惯的养成以及适当的体重状况。本研究旨在确定学龄前儿童母亲的喂养模式，并评估其与母亲社会和健康行为特征之间的关联。经过培训的访谈员对来自二十一世纪队列研究中的4724对母亲及其4至5岁孩子进行了评估。通过儿童喂养问卷和公开/隐蔽控制量表对母亲的儿童喂养态度和行为进行评估。使用线性回归估计关联（对母亲的教育程度、体重指数（BMI）、水果和蔬菜（F&V）摄入量以及孩子的BMI z评分进行了调整）。主成分分析定义了一个三因素结构，解释了母亲儿童喂养模式总方差的58%：感知监控——代表具有较高监控水平、感知责任感和公开控制的母亲；限制——表征具有较高隐蔽控制、限制以及对孩子体重担忧的母亲；进食压力——识别具有较高进食压力和公开控制水平的母亲。较低社会经济地位、更好的健康认知、较高的F&V摄入量以及与后代共同居住，与更多“感知监控”型母亲相关。母亲较高的F&V摄入量和抑郁与更多“限制型”母亲相关。较年轻、受教育程度较低、健康认知较差且与后代共同居住的母亲，与更多使用“进食压力”相关。母亲的社会经济指标和家庭环境与感知监控和进食压力的关联更强，而母亲的健康行为特征主要与限制相关。这些发现将有助于未来关于儿童喂养模式的研究和公共卫生项目。
