对世界卫生组织欧洲区域无烟户外规定的评估。
Assessment of the smoke-free outdoor regulation in the WHO European Region.
作者信息
Martínez Cristina, Guydish Joseph, Robinson Gillian, Martínez-Sánchez Jose María, Fernández Esteve
机构信息
Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-201, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Medicine and Health Sciences School, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
出版信息
Prev Med. 2014 Jul;64:37-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.03.020. Epub 2014 Apr 1.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to assess the level of protection of secondhand smoke in outdoor locations among countries belonging to the WHO European Region.
METHOD
This cross-sectional study measures the level of protection provided by laws in outdoor locations. A protocol to evaluate the outdoor smoke-free legislation was developed according to the recommendations provided by the WHO Guidelines for implementing smoke-free outdoor places. For each law 6 main sectors and 28 outdoor locations were evaluated.
RESULTS
68 laws from 48 countries were reviewed, totally assessing 1758 locations. Overall 3.1% of the locations specified 100% smoke-free outdoor regulation without exceptions, 2.5% permitted smoking in designated outdoor areas, 37.5% allowed smoking everywhere, and 56.9% did not provide information about how to deal with smoking in outdoor places. In the Education sector 17.8% of the laws specified smoke-free outdoor regulation, mainly in the primary and secondary schools. Three pioneering laws from recreational locations and two from general health facilities specified 100% outdoor smoke-free regulation.
CONCLUSION
Outdoor smoke-free policies among countries belonging to the WHO European Region are limited and mainly have been passed in the primary and secondary schools, which protect minors from the hazards of secondhand smoke in educational settings.
目的
本研究旨在评估世界卫生组织欧洲区域国家户外场所二手烟的防护水平。
方法
这项横断面研究衡量了户外场所法律提供的防护水平。根据世界卫生组织《实施无烟户外场所指南》提供的建议，制定了一项评估户外无烟立法的方案。对每项法律的6个主要部门和28个户外场所进行了评估。
结果
审查了48个国家的68项法律，共评估了1758个场所。总体而言，3.1%的场所规定了100%无烟户外规定，无一例外；2.5%允许在指定户外区域吸烟；37.5%允许在任何地方吸烟；56.9%未提供有关如何处理户外场所吸烟问题的信息。在教育部门，17.8%的法律规定了户外无烟规定，主要是在中小学。来自娱乐场所的三项开创性法律和来自一般卫生设施的两项法律规定了100%户外无烟规定。
结论
世界卫生组织欧洲区域国家的户外无烟政策有限，主要在中小学实施，这在教育环境中保护未成年人免受二手烟危害。
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