Lab of Molecular Virology, Building 29B, Rm 4NN22, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER/FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Apr 8;14:192. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-192.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus has been shown to infect organs other than the lung, and this is likely to be mediated by systemic spread resulting from viremia which has been detected in blood in severe cases of infection with avian H5N1 viruses. The infectivity of virus in blood and the potential for virus transmission by transfusion has not been investigated.
Using a susceptible ferret animal model, we evaluated viremia and transmission by blood transfusion. Blood was collected on day 2, 4, 6, and 10 post-infection (or before death) from donor ferrets infected with either low dose (1.0 × 10(2.6) EID50/ml) or high dose (1.0 × 10(3.6) EID50/ml) of H5N1 virus, A/VN/1203/04 and transfused to recipient animals.
Viremia was observed in 2/12 (16.67%) recipients that received blood from donor ferrets infected with low dose and 7/12 (58.33%) recipients who received blood from high dose infected donors. 1/12 (8.3%) low dose recipients and 6/12 (50%) high dose recipients died within 11 days after transfusion. Increased changes in body weight and temperatures were observed in high dose recipients, and high levels of viral RNA were detected in recipient ferrets after transfusion of blood from the early viremic phase, which also correlated with adverse impact on their survival.
These data suggest that highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus, H5N1, is transmissible by blood transfusion in ferrets. Low levels of viremia were detected around the time of onset of symptoms and later in ferrets infected with highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. These findings may have implication for pathogenesis and transmissibility of H5N1.
高致病性禽流感 A 病毒已被证明可感染肺以外的器官，这很可能是由于在感染禽流感 H5N1 病毒的严重病例中检测到的病毒血症导致全身性传播所致。尚未研究血液中的病毒感染力以及通过输血传播病毒的可能性。
我们使用易感雪貂动物模型，评估了病毒血症和输血传播。从感染低剂量（1.0×10（2.6）EID50/ml）或高剂量（1.0×10（3.6）EID50/ml）H5N1 病毒、A/VN/1203/04 的供体雪貂中采集血液，分别在感染后第 2、4、6 和 10 天（或死亡前）采集，然后将血液输注给受体动物。
从低剂量感染供体雪貂接受血液的 12 名受体中的 2 名（16.67%）和从高剂量感染供体接受血液的 12 名受体中的 7 名（58.33%）观察到病毒血症。低剂量感染的 12 名受体中的 1 名（8.3%）和高剂量感染的 12 名受体中的 6 名（50%）在输血后 11 天内死亡。高剂量感染的受体体重和体温变化增加，在从早期病毒血症期输注血液后，受体雪貂中检测到高水平的病毒 RNA，这也与对其生存的不利影响相关。
这些数据表明，高致病性禽流感 A 病毒 H5N1 可通过雪貂输血传播。在感染高致病性 H5N1 病毒的雪貂中，在发病时和稍后的时间检测到低水平的病毒血症。这些发现可能对 H5N1 的发病机制和传染性有影响。
