Lanet Elodie, Maurange Cédric
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288 Marseille, France.
Front Physiol. 2014 Mar 26;5:117. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00117. eCollection 2014.
While the growth of the developing brain is known to be well-protected compared to other organs in the face of nutrient restriction (NR), careful analysis has revealed a range of structural alterations and long-term neurological defects. Yet, despite intensive studies, little is known about the basic principles that govern brain development under nutrient deprivation. For over 20 years, Drosophila has proved to be a useful model for investigating how a functional nervous system develops from a restricted number of neural stem cells (NSCs). Recently, a few studies have started to uncover molecular mechanisms as well as region-specific adaptive strategies that preserve brain functionality and neuronal repertoire under NR, while modulating neuron numbers. Here, we review the developmental constraints that condition the response of the developing brain to NR. We then analyze the recent Drosophila work to highlight key principles that drive sparing and plasticity in different regions of the central nervous system (CNS). As simple animal models start to build a more integrated picture, understanding how the developing brain copes with NR could help in defining strategies to limit damage and improve brain recovery after birth.
虽然已知在营养限制（NR）情况下，发育中的大脑生长与其他器官相比受到良好保护，但仔细分析后发现了一系列结构改变和长期神经缺陷。然而，尽管进行了深入研究，对于营养剥夺情况下大脑发育的基本原则仍知之甚少。二十多年来，果蝇已被证明是研究功能性神经系统如何从有限数量的神经干细胞（NSC）发育而来的有用模型。最近，一些研究开始揭示在营养限制下维持大脑功能和神经元库同时调节神经元数量的分子机制以及区域特异性适应性策略。在此，我们回顾了影响发育中大脑对营养限制反应的发育限制因素。然后，我们分析了最近关于果蝇的研究工作，以突出驱动中枢神经系统（CNS）不同区域神经保留和可塑性的关键原则。随着简单动物模型开始构建更完整的图景，了解发育中的大脑如何应对营养限制有助于确定限制损伤和改善出生后大脑恢复的策略。
