Res Q Exerc Sport. 2014 Mar;85(1):49-58. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2013.872017.
Obesity is the result of a mismatch between the amount of calories consumed and the amount of calories expended during an extended period of time. This relationship is described by the energy balance equation, which states the rate of change in energy storage depots in the body are equal to the rate of energy intake minus the rate of energy expenditure. Although this relationship may appear easy to understand based on simple mathematics, in reality, a variety of known and unknown systems influence the components of energy balance (energy storage, energy intake, energy expenditure). Clearly, if a complete understanding of energy balance was apparent, worldwide levels of obesity would not have reached pandemic proportions due to effective prevention and treatment strategies. The aim of the present article is to provide a brief overview of the components of energy balance and to identify 10 key topics and unanswered questions that would move the research field forward if addressed. These topics are intentionally diverse and range from general themes (e.g., methodological issues) to specific areas (e.g., intensity of exercise required to alter energy intake). Although this list is not meant to be exhaustive, it does provide a research agenda for scientists involved in the study of energy balance and recommendations for public health professionals developing obesity interventions.
肥胖是在长时间内摄入的卡路里量与消耗的卡路里量之间不匹配的结果。这种关系由能量平衡方程描述，该方程指出身体中能量储存库的变化率等于能量摄入率减去能量消耗率。尽管根据简单的数学原理，这种关系似乎很容易理解，但实际上，许多已知和未知的系统会影响能量平衡的各个组成部分（能量储存、能量摄入、能量消耗）。显然，如果对能量平衡有一个完整的理解，由于有效的预防和治疗策略，全球肥胖水平就不会达到流行的程度。本文的目的是简要概述能量平衡的组成部分，并确定 10 个关键主题和未解决的问题，如果得到解决，这些主题将推动研究领域向前发展。这些主题有意多样化，范围从一般主题（例如方法学问题）到具体领域（例如改变能量摄入所需的运动强度）。尽管这份清单并非详尽无遗，但它确实为参与能量平衡研究的科学家提供了一个研究议程，并为制定肥胖干预措施的公共卫生专业人员提出了建议。
