超重或肥胖的成年人在推荐或更高蛋白质摄入量下遵循能量限制的健康美国式饮食模式，会感觉从“较差”的睡眠转为“较好”的睡眠：一项随机对照试验。
Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese and Consuming an Energy-Restricted Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern at Either the Recommended or a Higher Protein Quantity Perceive a Shift from "Poor" to "Good" Sleep: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Current affiliation: Joshua L Hudson. Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR (JLH).
出版信息
J Nutr. 2020 Dec 10;150(12):3216-3223. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa302.
BACKGROUND
Limited evidence suggests that consuming a higher-protein diet during weight loss improves subjective indices of sleep in overweight and obese adults.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to a priori assess the effects of consuming the recommended versus a higher protein Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern during energy-restriction on sleep quality indices.
DESIGN
Using a randomized, parallel study design, 51 adults (mean ± SEM age: 47 ± 1 y; BMI: 32.6 ± 0.5 kg/m2) consumed a controlled USDA Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern containing 750 kcal/d less than their estimated energy requirement for 12 wk. Participants were randomly assigned to consume either 5 or 12.5 oz-equivalent (eq)/d of protein foods. The additional 7.5 oz-eq/d came from animal-based protein sources and displaced primarily grains. Objective (wrist-worn actigraphy) and subjective (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale) sleep quality indices were measured at baseline, week 6, and week 12.
RESULTS
Among all participants, body mass decreased (-6.2 ± 0.4 kg). Dietary protein intake did not affect any objective or subjective sleep quality outcomes measured (repeated measures ANOVA). Over time, objective measures of time spent in bed, time spent sleeping, sleep onset latency, and time awake after sleep onset did not change; however, sleep efficiency improved (1 ± 1%; P = 0.027). Subjectively, global sleep scores [GSS: -2.7 ± 0.4 arbitrary units (au)] and daytime sleepiness scores (-3.8 ± 0.4 au; both P < 0.001) improved over time. The GSS improvement transitioned the participants from being categorized with "poor" to "good" sleep (GSS: >5 compared with ≤5 au of a 0-21 au scale; baseline 7.6 ± 0.4 au, week 12: 4.8 ± 0.4 au).
CONCLUSIONS
Although objective sleep quality may not improve, adults who are overweight or obese and poor sleepers may become good sleepers while consuming either the recommended or a higher-protein energy-restricted Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03174769.
背景
有限的证据表明，在减肥过程中摄入较高蛋白质的饮食可以改善超重和肥胖成年人的主观睡眠指标。
目的
我们旨在预先评估在能量限制期间，摄入推荐量与较高量的美国健康饮食模式中的蛋白质对睡眠质量指数的影响。
设计
使用随机、平行研究设计，51 名成年人（平均±SEM 年龄：47±1 岁；BMI：32.6±0.5kg/m2）摄入控制的美国农业部（USDA）健康的美国饮食模式，比其估计的能量需求少 750kcal/d，持续 12 周。参与者随机分配到摄入 5 或 12.5 盎司等效（eq）/d 的蛋白质食物。额外的 7.5 盎司等效/d 来自动物源性蛋白质来源，主要替代谷物。在基线、第 6 周和第 12 周测量客观（腕部活动记录仪）和主观（匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表）睡眠质量指数。
结果
所有参与者的体重均减轻（-6.2±0.4kg）。膳食蛋白质摄入量不影响任何客观或主观的睡眠质量测量结果（重复测量方差分析）。随着时间的推移，在床上的时间、睡眠时间、入睡潜伏期和睡眠后醒来时间等客观测量指标没有变化；然而，睡眠效率提高（1±1%；P=0.027）。主观上，全球睡眠评分[GSS：-2.7±0.4 任意单位（au）]和白天嗜睡评分（-3.8±0.4 au；均 P<0.001）随时间改善。GSS 的改善使参与者从“较差”睡眠状态转变为“较好”睡眠状态（GSS：>5 与≤5 au 的 0-21 au 评分范围；基线 7.6±0.4 au，第 12 周：4.8±0.4 au）。
结论
尽管客观的睡眠质量可能不会改善，但超重或肥胖且睡眠质量差的成年人在摄入推荐量或较高量的蛋白质限制能量的美国健康饮食模式时，可能会成为良好的睡眠者。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT03174769。
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