Rajashekhar Gangaraju
Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN , USA ; Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN , USA ; Vascular and Cardiac Center for Adult Stem Cell Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN , USA ; VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN , USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN , USA ; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN , USA.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014 Apr 24;5:59. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00059. eCollection 2014.
Retinopathies in human and animal models have shown to occur through loss of pericytes resulting in edema formation, excessive immature retinal angiogenesis, and neuronal apoptosis eventually leading to blindness. In recent years, the concept of regenerating terminally differentiated organs with a cell-based therapy has evolved. The cells used in these approaches are diverse and include tissue-specific endogenous stem cells, endothelial progenitor (EPC), embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Recently, MSC derived from the stromal fraction of adipose tissue have been shown to possess pluripotent differentiation potential in vitro. These adipose stromal cells (ASC) have been differentiated in a number of laboratories to osteogenic, myogenic, vascular, and adipocytic cell phenotypes. In vivo, ASC have been shown to have functional and phenotypic overlap with pericytes lining microvessels in adipose tissues. Furthermore, these cells either in paracrine mode or physical proximity with endothelial cells, promoted angiogenesis, improved ischemia-reperfusion, protected from myocardial infarction, and were neuroprotective. Owing to the easy isolation procedure and abundant supply, fat-derived ASC are a more preferred source of autologous mesenchymal cells compared to bone marrow MSC. In this review, we present evidence that these readily available ASC from minimally invasive liposuction will facilitate translation of ASC research into patients with retinal diseases in the near future.
人类和动物模型中的视网膜病变已显示是通过周细胞丢失而发生的，这会导致水肿形成、过度的未成熟视网膜血管生成以及神经元凋亡，最终导致失明。近年来，基于细胞疗法再生终末分化器官的概念得到了发展。这些方法中使用的细胞多种多样，包括组织特异性内源性干细胞、内皮祖细胞（EPC）、胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）和间充质干细胞（MSC）。最近，源自脂肪组织基质部分的MSC已显示在体外具有多能分化潜能。这些脂肪基质细胞（ASC）已在许多实验室中分化为成骨、成肌、血管和脂肪细胞表型。在体内，ASC已显示与脂肪组织中微血管周围的周细胞在功能和表型上有重叠。此外，这些细胞无论是以旁分泌模式还是与内皮细胞物理接近，都能促进血管生成、改善缺血再灌注、保护免受心肌梗死，并且具有神经保护作用。由于分离过程简便且供应丰富，与骨髓MSC相比，脂肪来源的ASC是更优选的自体间充质细胞来源。在本综述中，我们提供证据表明，这些通过微创抽脂术易于获得的ASC将在不久的将来促进ASC研究向视网膜疾病患者的转化。
