a Department of Surgery , Lagos State University Teaching Hospital , Ikeja , Lagos State , Nigeria.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2015;16(2):184-9. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.921817. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
Since the first pedestrian road fatality of 1896, pedestrians still remain vulnerable, with fatalities in Africa being 55% of global statistics. Many previous reports from Nigeria have emphasized passengers and drivers over pedestrians; this study was done in the most densely populated Nigerian city with no previous publication exclusively dedicated to pedestrians-the megacity has been projected by the World Bank to be the third largest in the world by 2015 (after Tokyo and Mumbai), so the study results would aid injury control and reduce morbidity and mortality.
This is a one-year prospective study on pedestrians attending the surgical emergency room of the busiest referral hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, detailing age, sex, occupation, regions injured, injury mechanism, incident vehicles, highway collisions, and immediate outcomes.
Some 702 pedestrians were seen, including 494 (70%) males with overall peak incidence in the third decade, but the peak incidence among females is lower and in the first decade. Common injuries sustained were to the head (40%), lower limbs (35%), upper limbs (9%), multiple regions (6%), pelvis (3%), and others (7%). Gender differences also were noted-the predominant injury location in males was the head, followed by lower limbs; the opposite was true for females, though both regional injuries were fewer in females than in males. Students were 20% of the entire pedestrians, with nearly half of them injured by a motorcycle. The mechanism of injury included crossing a highway (63%), walking along the pavement (17%), standing by a bus stop (12%), at a shop/house (5%), and others (3%). However, 76% injuries occurred on highways, 22% on inner city roads, and 2% elsewhere. Vehicles included motorcycles (33%), cars (27%), buses (22%), trucks (6%), tricycles (2.4%), and other (9%). Overall fatality was 10% and about half were due to being knocked down by buses and cars.
This study suggests a high incidence and significant underreporting of pedestrian injuries. A reduction in morbidity and mortality is possible (from head and lower limb injuries) by traffic calming techniques in crossing the highway, especially injuries due to being struck by motorcycles, cars, and buses.
自 1896 年首位行人死于交通事故以来，行人仍然处于弱势地位，非洲的行人死亡人数占全球统计数据的 55%。此前，尼日利亚的许多报告都强调了乘客和司机，而不是行人；这项研究是在尼日利亚人口最密集的城市进行的，此前没有专门针对行人的出版物——世界银行预测，到 2015 年，该城市将成为世界第三大人口城市（仅次于东京和孟买），因此研究结果将有助于控制伤害，降低发病率和死亡率。
这是一项为期一年的前瞻性研究，研究对象为在尼日利亚拉各斯最繁忙转诊医院就诊的外科急诊室的行人，详细记录年龄、性别、职业、受伤部位、损伤机制、肇事车辆、高速公路碰撞和即时结果。
共观察到 702 名行人，其中 494 名（70%）为男性，总体发病率最高的年龄段为第三个十年，但女性的发病率高峰较低，处于第一个十年。常见的损伤部位为头部（40%）、下肢（35%）、上肢（9%）、多个部位（6%）、骨盆（3%）和其他部位（7%）。性别差异也很明显——男性主要损伤部位为头部，其次为下肢；而女性则相反，但无论是男性还是女性，区域性损伤都比男性少。学生占所有行人的 20%，其中近一半是被摩托车撞伤的。损伤机制包括穿越高速公路（63%）、沿人行道行走（17%）、在公共汽车站旁站立（12%）、在商店/房屋旁（5%）和其他（3%）。然而，76%的损伤发生在高速公路上，22%在内城道路上，2%发生在其他地方。肇事车辆包括摩托车（33%）、汽车（27%）、公共汽车（22%）、卡车（6%）、三轮车（2.4%）和其他（9%）。总体死亡率为 10%，其中约一半是由于被公共汽车和汽车撞倒所致。
本研究表明，行人受伤的发生率较高，且报告不足。通过在穿越高速公路时使用交通减速技术，可以降低发病率和死亡率（尤其是因被摩托车、汽车和公共汽车撞击而导致的头部和下肢损伤）。
