Bui-Klimke Travis R, Wu Felicia
a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(13):1860-9. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2012.724480.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by several fungal species including Aspergillus ochraceus, A. carbonarius, A. niger, and Penicillium verrucosum. OTA causes nephrotoxicity and renal tumors in a variety of animal species; however, human health effects are less well-characterized. Various studies have linked OTA exposure with the human diseases Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and chronic interstitial nephropathy (CIN), as well as other renal diseases. This study reviews the epidemiological literature on OTA exposure and adverse health effects in different populations worldwide, and assesses the potential human health risks of OTA exposure. Epidemiological studies identified in a systematic review were used to calculate unadjusted odds ratios for OTA associated with various health endpoints. With one exception, there appears to be no statistically significant evidence for human health risks associated with OTA exposure. One Egyptian study showed a significantly higher risk of nephritic syndrome in those with very high urinary OTA levels compared with relatively unexposed individuals; however, other potential risk factors were not controlled for in the study. Larger cohort or case-control studies are needed in the future to better establish potential OTA-related human health effects, and further duplicate-diet studies are needed to validate biomarkers of OTA exposure in humans.
赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）是由多种真菌产生的霉菌毒素，包括赭曲霉、黑曲霉、炭黑曲霉和疣孢青霉。OTA可在多种动物物种中引起肾毒性和肾肿瘤；然而，其对人类健康的影响尚不十分明确。各种研究已将OTA暴露与人类疾病巴尔干地方性肾病（BEN）和慢性间质性肾病（CIN）以及其他肾脏疾病联系起来。本研究回顾了全球不同人群中OTA暴露及不良健康影响的流行病学文献，并评估了OTA暴露对人类健康的潜在风险。通过系统评价确定的流行病学研究用于计算与各种健康终点相关的OTA未调整比值比。除一项研究外，似乎没有统计学上显著的证据表明OTA暴露与人类健康风险相关。一项埃及研究表明，与相对未暴露个体相比，尿中OTA水平非常高的个体患肾病综合征的风险显著更高；然而，该研究未对其他潜在风险因素进行控制。未来需要更大规模的队列研究或病例对照研究，以更好地确定OTA与人类健康的潜在关系，还需要进一步的双份饮食研究来验证人类OTA暴露的生物标志物。
