French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, European Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies, European Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies Serology, Malzeville, France.
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bourges, Bourges, France.
PLoS One. 2014 Jun 3;9(6):e98622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098622. eCollection 2014.
Since bat rabies surveillance was first implemented in France in 1989, 48 autochthonous rabies cases without human contamination have been reported using routine diagnosis methods. In this retrospective study, data on bats submitted for rabies testing were analysed in order to better understand the epidemiology of EBLV-1 in bats in France and to investigate some epidemiological trends. Of the 3176 bats submitted for rabies diagnosis from 1989 to 2013, 1.96% (48/2447 analysed) were diagnosed positive. Among the twelve recognised virus species within the Lyssavirus genus, two species were isolated in France. 47 positive bats were morphologically identified as Eptesicus serotinus and were shown to be infected by both the EBLV-1a and the EBLV-1b lineages. Isolation of BBLV in Myotis nattereri was reported once in the north-east of France in 2012. The phylogenetic characterisation of all 47 French EBLV-1 isolates sampled between 1989 and 2013 and the French BBLV sample against 21 referenced partial nucleoprotein sequences confirmed the low genetic diversity of EBLV-1 despite its extensive geographical range. Statistical analysis performed on the serotine bat data collected from 1989 to 2013 showed seasonal variation of rabies occurrence with a significantly higher proportion of positive samples detected during the autumn compared to the spring and the summer period (34% of positive bats detected in autumn, 15% in summer, 13% in spring and 12% in winter). In this study, we have provided the details of the geographical distribution of EBLV-1a in the south-west of France and the north-south division of EBLV-1b with its subdivisions into three phylogenetic groups: group B1 in the north-west, group B2 in the centre and group B3 in the north-east of France.
自 1989 年法国首次实施蝙蝠狂犬病监测以来，已使用常规诊断方法报告了 48 例无人类污染的本地狂犬病病例。在这项回顾性研究中，分析了提交用于狂犬病检测的蝙蝠数据，以便更好地了解法国蝙蝠中 EBLV-1 的流行病学，并调查一些流行病学趋势。在 1989 年至 2013 年间提交用于狂犬病诊断的 3176 只蝙蝠中，有 1.96%（48/2447 例分析）被诊断为阳性。在 Lyssavirus 属内的 12 种公认病毒中，有两种在法国被分离出来。47 只阳性蝙蝠的形态学鉴定为 Eptesicus serotinus，它们同时感染了 EBLV-1a 和 EBLV-1b 谱系。2012 年在法国东北部曾报道过一次在 Myotis nattereri 中分离出 BBLV。对 1989 年至 2013 年间采集的 47 株法国 EBLV-1 分离株和法国 BBLV 样本与 21 个参考部分核蛋白序列进行的系统发育特征分析证实，尽管 EBLV-1 的地理范围广泛，但遗传多样性较低。对 1989 年至 2013 年期间收集的 serotine 蝙蝠数据进行的统计分析显示，狂犬病的发生存在季节性变化，秋季阳性样本的比例明显高于春季和夏季（秋季检测到的阳性蝙蝠比例为 34%，夏季为 15%，春季为 13%，冬季为 12%）。在本研究中，我们提供了 EBLV-1a 在法国西南部的地理分布细节以及 EBLV-1b 的南北分布及其三个分支：西北部的 B1 组、中部的 B2 组和法国东北部的 B3 组。
