Botticello Amanda L, Rohrbach Tanya, Cobbold Nicolette
Outcomes and Assessment Department, Kessler Foundation Research Center, West Orange, NJ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
Department of Science and Engineering, Raritan Valley Community College, Branchburg, NJ.
Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Jul;24(7):545-50. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.05.003. Epub 2014 May 10.
There is a need for empirical support of the association between the built environment and disability-related outcomes. This study explores the associations between community and neighborhood land uses and community participation among adults with acquired physical disability.
Cross-sectional data from 508 community-living chronically disabled adults in New Jersey were obtained from among participants in national Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems database. Participants' residential addresses were geocoded to link individual survey data with Geographic Information Systems data on land use and destinations. The influence of residential density, land use mix, destination counts, and open space on four domains of participation were modeled at two geographic scales-the neighborhood (i.e., half mile buffer) and community (i.e., five mile) using multivariate logistic regression. All analyses were adjusted for demographic- and impairment-related differences.
Living in communities with greater land use mix and more destinations was associated with a decreased likelihood of reporting optimum social and physical activity. Conversely, living in neighborhoods with large portions of open space was positively associated with the likelihood of reporting full physical, occupational, and social participation.
These findings suggest that the overall living conditions of the built environment may be relevant to social inclusion for persons with physical disabilities.
需要对建筑环境与残疾相关结果之间的关联提供实证支持。本研究探讨社区和邻里土地利用与后天身体残疾成年人的社区参与之间的关联。
从国家脊髓损伤模型系统数据库的参与者中获取了来自新泽西州508名社区居住的慢性残疾成年人的横断面数据。参与者的居住地址进行了地理编码，以便将个人调查数据与关于土地利用和目的地的地理信息系统数据相联系。使用多变量逻辑回归在两个地理尺度——邻里（即半英里缓冲区）和社区（即五英里）上模拟居住密度、土地利用混合、目的地数量和开放空间对参与的四个领域的影响。所有分析都针对人口统计学和损伤相关差异进行了调整。
生活在土地利用混合程度更高且目的地更多的社区与报告最佳社会和身体活动的可能性降低有关。相反，生活在开放空间比例大的邻里与报告完全身体、职业和社会参与的可能性呈正相关。
这些发现表明，建筑环境的整体生活条件可能与身体残疾者的社会包容有关。
