Hackman Christine L, Knowlden Adam P
Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2014 Jun 6;5:101-14. doi: 10.2147/AHMT.S56207. eCollection 2014.
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in many nations around the world. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) have been used to successfully plan and evaluate numerous interventions for many different behaviors. The aim of this study was to systematically review and synthesize TPB and TRA-based dietary behavior interventions targeting adolescents and young adults.
THE FOLLOWING DATABASES WERE SYSTEMATICALLY SEARCHED TO FIND ARTICLES FOR THIS REVIEW: Academic Search Premier; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL); Education Resources Information Center (ERIC); Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); and MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria for articles were: 1) primary or secondary interventions, 2) with any quantitative design, 3) published in the English language, 4) between January 2003 and March 2014, 5) that targeted adolescents or young adults, 6) which included dietary change behavior as the outcome, and 7) utilized TPB or TRA.
Of the eleven intervention studies evaluated, nine resulted in dietary behavior change that was attributed to the treatment. Additionally, all but one study found there to be a change in at least one construct of TRA or TPB, while one study did not measure constructs. All of the studies utilized some type of quantitative design, with two employing quasi-experimental, and eight employing randomized control trial design. Among the studies, four utilized technology including emails, social media posts, information on school websites, web-based activities, audio messages in classrooms, interactive DVDs, and health-related websites. Two studies incorporated goal setting and four employed persuasive communication.
Interventions directed toward changing dietary behaviors in adolescents should aim to incorporate multi-faceted, theory-based approaches. Future studies should consider utilizing randomized control trial design and operationalize variables. More research is needed to identify the optimal TPB and TRA modalities to modify dietary behaviors.
儿童肥胖在世界上许多国家已达到流行程度。计划行为理论（TPB）和理性行动理论（TRA）已被成功用于规划和评估针对许多不同行为的众多干预措施。本研究的目的是系统回顾和综合基于TPB和TRA的针对青少年和青年的饮食行为干预措施。
系统检索了以下数据库以查找本综述的文章：学术搜索高级版；护理及相关健康累积索引（CINAHL）；教育资源信息中心（ERIC）；健康源：护理/学术版；Cochrane对照试验中心注册库（CENTRAL）；以及医学索引（MEDLINE）。文章的纳入标准为：1）一级或二级干预措施，2）采用任何定量设计，3）以英文发表，4）在2003年1月至2014年3月之间，5）针对青少年或青年，6）将饮食行为改变作为结果，7）采用TPB或TRA。
在评估的11项干预研究中，9项导致了归因于治疗的饮食行为改变。此外，除一项研究外，所有研究均发现TRA或TPB的至少一个结构发生了变化，而一项研究未测量结构。所有研究均采用了某种类型的定量设计，其中两项采用准实验设计，八项采用随机对照试验设计。在这些研究中，四项使用了技术，包括电子邮件、社交媒体帖子、学校网站上的信息、基于网络的活动、课堂音频消息、交互式DVD以及与健康相关的网站。两项研究纳入了目标设定，四项采用了说服性沟通。
针对改变青少年饮食行为的干预措施应旨在纳入多方面、基于理论的方法。未来的研究应考虑采用随机对照试验设计并对变量进行操作化。需要更多的研究来确定改变饮食行为的最佳TPB和TRA模式。
