Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A C Meyers Vaenge 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark.
Biomolecules. 2013 Sep 3;3(3):612-31. doi: 10.3390/biom3030612.
Profitable biomass conversion processes are highly dependent on the use of efficient enzymes for lignocellulose degradation. Among the cellulose degrading enzymes, beta-glucosidases are essential for efficient hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass as they relieve the inhibition of the cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases by reducing cellobiose accumulation. In this review, we discuss the important role beta-glucosidases play in complex biomass hydrolysis and how they create a bottleneck in industrial use of lignocellulosic materials. An efficient beta-glucosidase facilitates hydrolysis at specified process conditions, and key points to consider in this respect are hydrolysis rate, inhibitors, and stability. Product inhibition impairing yields, thermal inactivation of enzymes, and the high cost of enzyme production are the main obstacles to commercial cellulose hydrolysis. Therefore, this sets the stage in the search for better alternatives to the currently available enzyme preparations either by improving known or screening for new beta-glucosidases.
盈利性生物质转化过程高度依赖于高效酶的使用，以实现木质纤维素的降解。在纤维素降解酶中，β-葡萄糖苷酶对于有效水解纤维素生物质至关重要，因为它们通过减少纤维二糖的积累来解除纤维二糖水解酶和内切葡聚糖酶的抑制作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了β-葡萄糖苷酶在复杂生物质水解中所起的重要作用，以及它们如何在木质纤维素材料的工业应用中造成瓶颈。高效的β-葡萄糖苷酶可在特定的处理条件下促进水解，在这方面需要考虑的关键点包括水解速率、抑制剂和稳定性。产物抑制会降低产率，酶的热失活以及酶生产的高成本是纤维素水解实现商业化的主要障碍。因此，这就需要寻找更好的替代方案，来替代目前可用的酶制剂，方法是改进已知的酶或筛选新的β-葡萄糖苷酶。
