Palhares Rafael M, Drummond Marcela G, Brasil Bruno S A F, Krettli Antoniana U, Oliveira Guilherme C, Brandão Maria G L
Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
Myleus Biotecnologia Research Team, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Aug 8;155(1):815-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.040. Epub 2014 Jun 24.
Quina is a popular name originally attributed to Cinchona pubescens Vahl (=Cinchona succirubra) and Cinchona. calisaya Wedd., species native from Peru that have the antimalarial alkaloid quinine. In Brazil, bitter barks substitutes for the Peruvian species began to be used centuries ago, and they still are sold in popular markets. To assess the authenticity and the conditions on which samples of quinas have been commercialized, using the DNA barcode, chemical and biological assays.
Starting with 28 samples of barks acquired on a popular market, 23 had their DNA extracted successfully. The regions matK and rbcL were amplified and sequenced for 15 and 23 samples, respectively. Phytochemical analyses were performed by chromatographic methods, and biological essays were done by antimalarial tests in vitro.
The identified species belonged to six different families, many of them endangered or with no correlation with use in traditional medicine as a Brazilian quina. The absence of typical bitter chemical substances indicated that barks have been collected from other species or from very young trees. The results of biological essays confirm the lack of standardization of the sold materials.
The integrated approaches proved to be efficient to evaluate medicinal plants sold in popular markets and can be useful for promoting their better use and conservation.
金鸡纳是一个常用名称，最初指的是毛金鸡纳树（=红金鸡纳树）和黄金鸡纳树，它们原产于秘鲁，含有抗疟生物碱奎宁。在巴西，几个世纪前就开始使用秘鲁金鸡纳树皮的替代品，这些替代品至今仍在大众市场上销售。本研究旨在通过DNA条形码、化学和生物学分析，评估商业化销售的金鸡纳树皮样本的真实性和相关情况。
从大众市场收集了28份树皮样本，其中23份成功提取了DNA。分别对15份和23份样本的matK和rbcL区域进行了扩增和测序。采用色谱法进行植物化学分析，并通过体外抗疟试验进行生物学分析。
鉴定出的物种属于六个不同的科，其中许多是濒危物种，或者与巴西金鸡纳在传统医学中的用途无关。缺乏典型的苦味化学物质表明，这些树皮是从其他物种或非常年幼的树上采集的。生物学分析结果证实了所售材料缺乏标准化。
综合方法被证明在评估大众市场上销售的药用植物方面是有效的，并且有助于促进其更好的利用和保护。
