Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Environ Int. 2014 Oct;71:46-62. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.025. Epub 2014 Jun 25.
The contamination of the urban water cycle (UWC) with a wide array of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) increases with urbanization and population density. To produce drinking water from the UWC requires close examination of their sources, occurrence, pathways, and health effects and the efficacy of wastewater treatment and natural attenuation processes that may occur in surface water bodies and groundwater. This paper researches in details the structure of the UWC and investigates the routes by which the water cycle is increasingly contaminated with compounds generated from various anthropogenic activities. Along with a thorough survey of chemicals representing compound classes such as hormones, antibiotics, surfactants, endocrine disruptors, human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, X-ray contrast media, pesticides and metabolites, disinfection-by-products, algal toxins and taste-and-odor compounds, this paper provides a comprehensive and holistic review of the occurrence, fate, transport and potential health impact of the emerging organic contaminants of the UWC. This study also illustrates the widespread distribution of the emerging organic contaminants in the different aortas of the ecosystem and focuses on future research needs.
城市水循环 (UWC) 受到各种新兴有机化合物 (EOCs) 的污染，这一现象随着城市化和人口密度的增加而加剧。为了从 UWC 中生产饮用水，需要仔细研究它们的来源、出现、途径以及健康影响，还需要研究废水处理和可能发生在地表水和地下水中的自然衰减过程的效果。本文详细研究了 UWC 的结构，并调查了水循环因各种人为活动而产生的化合物污染程度日益加剧的途径。本文全面综述了激素、抗生素、表面活性剂、内分泌干扰物、人类和兽医药品、X 射线造影剂、农药及其代谢物、消毒副产物、藻类毒素和异味化合物等化合物类别的化学物质，详细说明了新兴有机污染物在 UWC 中的出现、命运、迁移和潜在健康影响。本研究还说明了新兴有机污染物在生态系统不同主动脉中的广泛分布，并侧重于未来的研究需求。
