NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsukuba Vegetable Research Station , 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666 , Japan.
Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan.
Breed Sci. 2014 May;64(1):48-59. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.64.48.
Unique secondary metabolites, glucosinolates (S-glucopyranosyl thiohydroximates), are naturally occurring S-linked glucosides found mainly in Brassicaceae plants. They are enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce sulfate ions, D-glucose, and characteristic degradation products such as isothiocyanates. The functions of glucosinolates in the plants remain unclear, but isothiocyanates possessing a pungent or irritating taste and odor might be associated with plant defense from microbes. Isothiocyanates have been studied extensively in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models for their cancer chemopreventive properties. The beneficial isothiocyanates, glucosinolates that are functional for supporting human health, have received attention from many scientists studying plant breeding, plant physiology, plant genetics, and food functionality. This review presents a summary of recent topics related with glucosinolates in the Brassica family, along with a summary of the chemicals, metabolism, and genes of glucosinolates in Brassicaceae. The bioavailabilities of isothiocyanates from certain functional glucosinolates and the importance of breeding will be described with emphasis on glucosinolates.
独特的次生代谢产物，硫代葡萄糖苷（S-葡萄糖基硫代羟肟酸酯），主要存在于十字花科植物中，是天然存在的 S 连接的葡萄糖苷。它们通过酶解产生硫酸根离子、D-葡萄糖和特征性降解产物，如异硫氰酸盐。硫代葡萄糖苷在植物中的功能尚不清楚，但具有刺激性或刺激性味道和气味的异硫氰酸盐可能与植物抵御微生物有关。异硫氰酸盐在实验性体外和体内致癌模型中因其抗癌预防特性而受到广泛研究。具有支持人体健康功能的有益异硫氰酸盐受到许多研究植物育种、植物生理学、植物遗传学和食品功能的科学家的关注。本综述总结了近年来与芸薹属植物中硫代葡萄糖苷相关的一些主题，以及芸薹属植物中硫代葡萄糖苷的化学物质、代谢和基因的综述。本文将重点介绍异硫氰酸盐的生物利用度以及某些功能性硫代葡萄糖苷的重要性，强调硫代葡萄糖苷。
