Roorkiwal Manish, von Wettberg Eric J, Upadhyaya Hari D, Warschefsky Emily, Rathore Abhishek, Varshney Rajeev K
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America; Center for Tropical Plant Conservation, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Jul 10;9(7):e102016. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102016. eCollection 2014.
To estimate genetic diversity within and between 10 interfertile Cicer species (94 genotypes) from the primary, secondary and tertiary gene pool, we analysed 5,257 DArT markers and 651 KASPar SNP markers. Based on successful allele calling in the tertiary gene pool, 2,763 DArT and 624 SNP markers that are polymorphic between genotypes from the gene pools were analyzed further. STRUCTURE analyses were consistent with 3 cultivated populations, representing kabuli, desi and pea-shaped seed types, with substantial admixture among these groups, while two wild populations were observed using DArT markers. AMOVA was used to partition variance among hierarchical sets of landraces and wild species at both the geographical and species level, with 61% of the variation found between species, and 39% within species. Molecular variance among the wild species was high (39%) compared to the variation present in cultivated material (10%). Observed heterozygosity was higher in wild species than the cultivated species for each linkage group. Our results support the Fertile Crescent both as the center of domestication and diversification of chickpea. The collection used in the present study covers all the three regions of historical chickpea cultivation, with the highest diversity in the Fertile Crescent region. Shared alleles between different gene pools suggest the possibility of gene flow among these species or incomplete lineage sorting and could indicate complicated patterns of divergence and fusion of wild chickpea taxa in the past.
为了评估来自初级、次级和三级基因库的10个可杂交的鹰嘴豆物种（94个基因型）内部和之间的遗传多样性，我们分析了5257个DArT标记和651个KASPar SNP标记。基于在三级基因库中成功的等位基因分型，对基因库中基因型之间多态的2763个DArT标记和624个SNP标记进行了进一步分析。STRUCTURE分析结果与3个栽培群体一致，分别代表卡布利、德西和豌豆形种子类型，这些群体之间存在大量混合，而使用DArT标记观察到两个野生群体。方差分析（AMOVA）用于在地理和物种水平上对地方品种和野生物种的层次集之间的方差进行划分，61%的变异存在于物种之间，39%存在于物种内部。与栽培材料中的变异（10%）相比，野生物种之间的分子变异较高（39%）。每个连锁群中，野生种的观察杂合度均高于栽培种。我们的结果支持新月沃地既是鹰嘴豆驯化中心也是其多样化中心。本研究中使用的样本涵盖了鹰嘴豆历史种植的所有三个区域，其中新月沃地地区的多样性最高。不同基因库之间共享的等位基因表明这些物种之间存在基因流动或不完全谱系分选的可能性，并且可能表明过去野生鹰嘴豆分类群的分化和融合模式复杂。
