Da-Costa-Rocha Inês, Bonnlaender Bernd, Sievers Hartwig, Pischel Ivo, Heinrich Michael
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
Plantextrakt GmbH & Co. KG, Dutendorfer Str. 5-7, D-91487 Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany.
Food Chem. 2014 Dec 15;165:424-43. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.002. Epub 2014 May 27.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs, roselle; Malvaceae) has been used traditionally as a food, in herbal drinks, in hot and cold beverages, as a flavouring agent in the food industry and as a herbal medicine. In vitro and in vivo studies as well as some clinical trials provide some evidence mostly for phytochemically poorly characterised Hs extracts. Extracts showed antibacterial, anti-oxidant, nephro- and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, effects on lipid metabolism (anti-cholesterol), anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects among others. This might be linked to strong antioxidant activities, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE), and direct vaso-relaxant effect or calcium channel modulation. Phenolic acids (esp. protocatechuic acid), organic acid (hydroxycitric acid and hibiscus acid) and anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside) are likely to contribute to the reported effects. More well designed controlled clinical trials are needed which use phytochemically characterised preparations. Hs has an excellent safety and tolerability record.
玫瑰茄（Hibiscus sabdariffa L.，锦葵科）传统上被用作食品、草药饮品、冷热饮料、食品工业中的调味剂以及草药。体外和体内研究以及一些临床试验主要为植物化学成分特征不明的玫瑰茄提取物提供了一些证据。提取物显示出抗菌、抗氧化、肾和肝保护、肾/利尿作用、对脂质代谢的影响（抗胆固醇）、抗糖尿病和抗高血压作用等。这可能与强大的抗氧化活性、对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制、对血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）的抑制以及直接的血管舒张作用或钙通道调节有关。酚酸（尤其是原儿茶酸）、有机酸（羟基柠檬酸和木槿酸）和花青素（飞燕草素-3-接骨木二糖苷和矢车菊素-3-接骨木二糖苷）可能对所报道的作用有贡献。需要更多设计良好的对照临床试验，使用植物化学成分明确的制剂。玫瑰茄有出色的安全性和耐受性记录。
