Vega Jennifer N, Newhouse Paul A
Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1601 23rd Ave. S., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014 Oct;16(10):490. doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0490-8.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is widely regarded as the intermediate stage of cognitive impairment between the changes seen in normal cognitive aging and those associated with dementia. Elderly patients with MCI constitute a high-risk population for developing dementia, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the core clinical criteria for MCI have remained largely unchanged, the operational definition of MCI has undergone several revisions over the course of the last decade and remains an evolving diagnosis. Prognostic implications of this diagnosis are becoming clearer with regard to the risk of progressive cognitive deterioration. Although patients with MCI may represent an optimal target population for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, results from clinical trials have been mixed and an effective treatment remains elusive. This article provides a brief overview of the evolution of the concept of MCI and reviews current diagnostic criteria, the longitudinal course of the disorder, and current and emerging treatments for MCI.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）被广泛认为是正常认知老化所呈现的变化与痴呆相关变化之间的认知障碍中间阶段。患有MCI的老年患者构成了发展为痴呆，尤其是阿尔茨海默病（AD）的高危人群。尽管MCI的核心临床标准在很大程度上保持不变，但在过去十年中，MCI的操作定义经历了几次修订，并且仍然是一个不断发展的诊断。关于进行性认知衰退的风险，这一诊断的预后意义正变得越来越清晰。虽然患有MCI的患者可能是药物和非药物干预的最佳目标人群，但临床试验的结果喜忧参半，有效的治疗方法仍然难以捉摸。本文简要概述了MCI概念的演变，并回顾了当前的诊断标准、该疾病的纵向病程以及MCI的现有和新兴治疗方法。
