Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.
Adv Mater. 2014 Oct 8;26(37):6367-86. doi: 10.1002/adma.201402296. Epub 2014 Sep 1.
Light-emitting semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) combined with magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents within a single nanoparticle platform are considered to perform as multimodal imaging probes in biomedical research and related clinical applications. The principles of their rational design are outlined and contemporary synthetic strategies are reviewed (heterocrystalline growth; co-encapsulation or assembly of preformed QDs and magnetic nanoparticles; conjugation of magnetic chelates onto QDs; and doping of QDs with transition metal ions), identifying the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. Some of the opportunities and benefits that arise through in vivo imaging using these dual-mode probes are highlighted where tumor location and delineation is demonstrated in both MRI and fluorescence modality. Work on the toxicological assessments of QD/magnetic nanoparticles is also reviewed, along with progress in reducing their toxicological side effects for eventual clinical use. The review concludes with an outlook for future biomedical imaging and the identification of key challenges in reaching clinical applications.
发光半导体量子点 (QD) 与磁共振成像造影剂结合在单个纳米颗粒平台内，被认为是在生物医学研究和相关临床应用中作为多模态成像探针。本文概述了其合理设计的原理，并综述了当代合成策略（异质晶生长；预形成的 QD 和磁性纳米粒子的共包封或组装；将磁性螯合物共轭到 QD 上；以及用过渡金属离子掺杂 QD），确定了不同方法的优缺点。强调了使用这些双模探针进行体内成像所带来的一些机会和好处，其中在 MRI 和荧光模态中都证明了肿瘤的位置和描绘。还对 QD/磁性纳米粒子的毒理学评估工作进行了综述，同时也介绍了减少其毒理学副作用以最终用于临床应用的进展。该综述以对未来生物医学成像的展望和确定实现临床应用的关键挑战结束。
