Carroll Scott P, Jørgensen Peter Søgaard, Kinnison Michael T, Bergstrom Carl T, Denison R Ford, Gluckman Peter, Smith Thomas B, Strauss Sharon Y, Tabashnik Bruce E
Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Institute for Contemporary Evolution, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):1245993. doi: 10.1126/science.1245993. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
Two categories of evolutionary challenges result from escalating human impacts on the planet. The first arises from cancers, pathogens, and pests that evolve too quickly and the second, from the inability of many valued species to adapt quickly enough. Applied evolutionary biology provides a suite of strategies to address these global challenges that threaten human health, food security, and biodiversity. This Review highlights both progress and gaps in genetic, developmental, and environmental manipulations across the life sciences that either target the rate and direction of evolution or reduce the mismatch between organisms and human-altered environments. Increased development and application of these underused tools will be vital in meeting current and future targets for sustainable development.
人类对地球的影响不断升级，引发了两类进化挑战。第一类挑战源于癌症、病原体和害虫进化速度过快，第二类挑战则源于许多珍贵物种无法足够快速地适应环境。应用进化生物学提供了一系列策略来应对这些威胁人类健康、粮食安全和生物多样性的全球性挑战。本综述强调了生命科学领域在基因、发育和环境操纵方面取得的进展与存在的差距，这些操纵要么针对进化的速度和方向，要么减少生物与人类改变的环境之间的不匹配。更多地开发和应用这些未充分利用的工具对于实现当前和未来的可持续发展目标至关重要。
