Brown Helen, Spickett Jeffery
School of Public Health, World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health Impact Assessment, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Sep 16;11(9):9607-20. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110909607.
While health impact assessment (HIA) has typically been applied to projects, plans or policies, it has significant potential with regard to strategic considerations of major health issues facing society such as climate change. Given the complexity of climate change, assessing health impacts presents new challenges that may require different approaches compared to traditional applications of HIA. This research focuses on the development of health consequence scales suited to assessing and comparing health effects associated with climate change and applied within a HIA framework. This assists in setting priorities for adaptation plans to minimize the public health impacts of climate change. The scales presented in this paper were initially developed for a HIA of climate change in Perth in 2050, but they can be applied across spatial and temporal scales. The design is based on a health effects pyramid with health measures expressed in orders of magnitude and linked to baseline population and health data. The health consequence measures are combined with a measure of likelihood to determine the level of risk associated with each health potential health impact. In addition, a simple visual framework that can be used to collate, compare and communicate the level of health risks associated with climate change has been developed.
虽然健康影响评估（HIA）通常应用于项目、计划或政策，但在应对社会面临的重大健康问题（如气候变化）的战略考量方面具有巨大潜力。鉴于气候变化的复杂性，评估健康影响带来了新的挑战，可能需要与传统的HIA应用采用不同的方法。本研究聚焦于开发适用于评估和比较与气候变化相关的健康影响并在HIA框架内应用的健康后果量表。这有助于为适应计划确定优先事项，以将气候变化对公众健康的影响降至最低。本文提出的量表最初是为2050年珀斯的气候变化HIA开发的，但它们可在空间和时间尺度上应用。该设计基于一个健康影响金字塔，健康指标按数量级表示，并与基线人口和健康数据相关联。健康后果指标与可能性指标相结合，以确定与每种潜在健康影响相关的风险水平。此外，还开发了一个简单的可视化框架，可用于整理、比较和传达与气候变化相关的健康风险水平。
