Aalipour Amin, Xu Alexander M, Leal-Ortiz Sergio, Garner Craig C, Melosh Nicholas A
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Langmuir. 2014 Oct 21;30(41):12362-7. doi: 10.1021/la502273f. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
Nanowires are a rapidly emerging platform for manipulation of and material delivery directly into the cell cytosol. These high aspect ratio structures can breach the lipid membrane; however, the yield of penetrant structures is low, and the mechanism is largely unknown. In particular, some nanostructures appear to defeat the membrane transiently, while others can retain long-term access. Here, we examine if local dissolution of the lipid membrane, actin cytoskeleton, or both can enhance nanowire penetration. It is possible that, during cell contact, membrane rupture occurs; however, if the nanostructures do not penetrate the cytoskeleton, the membrane may reclose over a relatively short time frame. We show with quantitative analysis of the number of penetrating nanowires that the lipid bilayer and actin cytoskeleton are synergistic barriers to nanowire cell access, yet chemical poration through both is still insufficient to increase long-term access for adhered cells.
纳米线是一种迅速兴起的平台，可用于直接对细胞溶质进行操作和物质递送。这些高纵横比的结构能够穿透脂质膜；然而，穿透性结构的产率较低，其机制也 largely unknown。特别是，一些纳米结构似乎能暂时突破膜，而另一些则可保持长期进入。在这里，我们研究脂质膜、肌动蛋白细胞骨架或两者的局部溶解是否能增强纳米线的穿透。在细胞接触过程中，膜可能会发生破裂；然而，如果纳米结构未穿透细胞骨架，膜可能会在相对较短的时间内重新闭合。我们通过对穿透纳米线数量的定量分析表明，脂质双层和肌动蛋白细胞骨架是纳米线进入细胞的协同屏障，但通过两者进行化学穿孔仍不足以增加黏附细胞的长期进入。
