“先生，打扰一下。请不要在这里吸烟”。印度尼西亚无烟政策社会执行情况的定性研究。
'Excuse me, sir. Please don't smoke here'. A qualitative study of social enforcement of smoke-free policies in Indonesia.
作者信息
Kaufman Michelle R, Merritt Alice Payne, Rimbatmaja Risang, Cohen Joanna E
机构信息
Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA, Lapangan Kecil, Jakarta, Indonesia and Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA, Lapangan Kecil, Jakarta, Indonesia and Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
出版信息
Health Policy Plan. 2015 Oct;30(8):995-1002. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czu103. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
OBJECTIVE
District policies were recently put into place in Indonesia prohibiting smoking in public spaces. This study sought to (1) assess participants' general knowledge of secondhand smoke (SHS) dangers; (2) assess participants' awareness of and specific knowledge of smoke-free (SF) policies; and (3) assess the extent to which such policies are socially enforced and gather examples of successful social enforcement.
METHODS
Qualitative in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted in Bogor and Palembang cities with both community members and key informants such as government officials, non-government agency staff, religious leaders and health workers.
RESULTS
Participants in both Palembang and Bogor find SF policy important. Although there was awareness of SHS dangers and SF policies, accurate knowledge of the dangers and an in-depth understanding of the policies varied. There was a high level of support for the SF policies in both cities among both smokers and non-smokers. Many participants did have experience asking a smoker not to smoke in an area where it was restricted, even if their comfort in doing so varied. There was, however, a higher level of comfort in telling smokers to stop or to move away from pregnant women and children. Hesitation to socially enforce the policies was especially present when asking men of status and/or community leaders to stop smoking, but overall participants felt they could comfortably ask someone to obey the law.
CONCLUSION
Palembang and Bogor may be evolving towards creating social norms in support of prohibiting smoking in public spaces. If provided with more support from government and law officials, such as government officials themselves promoting the policies and demonstrating compliance, and renewed efforts to promote and enforce policies in general were made, Indonesians in these cities may feel more confident protecting non-smokers from SHS.
目的
印度尼西亚最近出台了地区政策，禁止在公共场所吸烟。本研究旨在：（1）评估参与者对二手烟危害的一般知识；（2）评估参与者对无烟政策的知晓度和具体知识；（3）评估此类政策在社会层面的执行程度，并收集成功的社会执行案例。
方法
在茂物和巨港两市对社区成员以及政府官员、非政府机构工作人员、宗教领袖和卫生工作者等关键信息提供者进行了定性深入访谈和焦点小组讨论。
结果
巨港和茂物的参与者都认为无烟政策很重要。尽管人们知晓二手烟危害和无烟政策，但对危害的准确认识和对政策的深入理解各不相同。两市的吸烟者和非吸烟者对无烟政策都高度支持。许多参与者确实有过在限制区域要求吸烟者不要吸烟的经历，尽管他们这样做时的自在程度有所不同。然而，在要求吸烟者停止吸烟或远离孕妇和儿童时，人们会更自在一些。在要求有地位的男性和/或社区领袖停止吸烟时，尤其存在对在社会层面执行政策的犹豫，但总体而言，参与者觉得他们可以自在地要求他人遵守法律。
结论
巨港和茂物可能正在朝着形成支持在公共场所禁止吸烟的社会规范发展。如果能得到政府和法律官员更多的支持，比如政府官员自身宣传政策并带头遵守，以及总体上重新加大宣传和执行政策的力度，这些城市的印度尼西亚人在保护非吸烟者免受二手烟危害方面可能会更有信心。
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