Sánchez-Sánchez Javier, García-Unanue Jorge, Jiménez-Reyes Pedro, Gallardo Ana, Burillo Pablo, Felipe José Luis, Gallardo Leonor
School of Sport Sciences, UCAM, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain; IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 29;9(10):e111368. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111368. eCollection 2014.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the mechanical properties of artificial turf systems on soccer players' performance. A battery of perceptive physiological and physical tests were developed on four different structural systems of artificial turf (System 1: Compacted gravel sub-base without elastic layer; System 2: Compacted gravel sub-base with elastic layer; System 3: Asphalt sub-base without elastic layer; System 4: Asphalt sub-base with elastic layer). The sample was composed of 18 soccer players (22.44±1.72 years) who typically train and compete on artificial turf. The artificial turf system with less rotational traction (S3) showed higher total time in the Repeated Sprint Ability test in comparison to the systems with intermediate values (49.46±1.75 s vs 47.55±1.82 s (S1) and 47.85±1.59 s (S2); p<0.001). The performance in jumping tests (countermovement jump and squat jump) and ball kicking to goal decreased after the RSA test in all surfaces assessed (p<0.05), since the artificial turf system did not affect performance deterioration (p>0.05). The physiological load was similar in all four artificial turf systems. However, players felt more comfortable on the harder and more rigid system (S4; visual analogue scale = 70.83±14.28) than on the softer artificial turf system (S2; visual analogue scale = 54.24±19.63). The lineal regression analysis revealed a significant influence of the mechanical properties of the surface of 16.5%, 15.8% and 7.1% on the mean time of the sprint, the best sprint time and the maximum mean speed in the RSA test respectively. Results suggest a mechanical heterogeneity between the systems of artificial turf which generate differences in the physical performance and in the soccer players' perceptions.
本研究的目的是评估人造草皮系统的机械性能对足球运动员表现的影响。针对四种不同结构的人造草皮系统（系统1：无弹性层的压实砾石基层；系统2：有弹性层的压实砾石基层；系统3：无弹性层的沥青基层；系统4：有弹性层的沥青基层）开展了一系列感知、生理和体能测试。样本由18名足球运动员（22.44±1.72岁）组成，他们通常在人造草皮上训练和比赛。与具有中等旋转牵引力值的系统相比，旋转牵引力较小的人造草皮系统（S3）在重复冲刺能力测试中的总用时更长（49.46±1.75秒，而S1为47.55±1.82秒，S2为47.85±1.59秒；p<0.001）。在所有评估的场地中，重复冲刺能力测试后，跳跃测试（反向移动跳跃和深蹲跳跃）和射门的表现均下降（p<0.05），因为人造草皮系统并未影响性能下降（p>0.05）。所有四种人造草皮系统的生理负荷相似。然而，与较软的人造草皮系统（S2；视觉模拟评分=54.24±19.63）相比，球员在较硬且更刚性的系统（S4；视觉模拟评分=70.83±14.28）上感觉更舒适。线性回归分析显示，表面机械性能分别对重复冲刺能力测试中的冲刺平均时间、最佳冲刺时间和最大平均速度有16.5%、15.8%和7.1%的显著影响。结果表明，人造草皮系统之间存在机械异质性，这会导致身体性能和足球运动员感知方面的差异。
