Lamport Daniel J, Saunders Caroline, Butler Laurie T, Spencer Jeremy Pe
School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Nutr Rev. 2014 Dec;72(12):774-89. doi: 10.1111/nure.12149. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
Although reviews of the association between polyphenol intake and cognition exist, research examining the cognitive effects of fruit, vegetable, and juice consumption across epidemiological and intervention studies has not been previously examined. For the present review, critical inclusion criteria were human participants, a measure of fruit, vegetable, or 100% juice consumption, an objective measure of cognitive function, and a clinical diagnosis of neuropsychological disease. Studies were excluded if consumption of fruits, vegetables, or juice was not assessed in isolation from other food groups, or if there was no statistical control for education or IQ. Seventeen of 19 epidemiological studies and 3 of 6 intervention studies reported significant benefits of fruit, vegetable, or juice consumption for cognitive performance. The data suggest that chronic consumption of fruits, vegetables, and juices is beneficial for cognition in healthy older adults. The limited data from acute interventions indicate that consumption of fruit juices can have immediate benefits for memory function in adults with mild cognitive impairment; however, as of yet, acute benefits have not been observed in healthy adults. Conclusions regarding an optimum dietary intake for fruits, vegetables, and juices are difficult to quantify because of substantial heterogeneity in the categorization of consumption of these foods.
尽管已有关于多酚摄入量与认知之间关联的综述，但此前尚未有研究对流行病学和干预研究中水果、蔬菜及果汁消费的认知影响进行考察。对于本综述而言，关键纳入标准为人类参与者、水果、蔬菜或100%果汁消费量的测量、认知功能的客观测量以及神经心理疾病的临床诊断。如果未单独评估水果、蔬菜或果汁与其他食物组的消费量，或者未对教育程度或智商进行统计控制，则排除相关研究。19项流行病学研究中的17项以及6项干预研究中的3项报告称，水果、蔬菜或果汁消费对认知表现有显著益处。数据表明慢性病患者食用水果、蔬菜和果汁有利于健康老年人的认知。急性干预的有限数据表明，饮用果汁对轻度认知障碍成年人的记忆功能有即时益处；然而，截至目前，尚未在健康成年人中观察到急性益处。由于这些食物消费分类存在大量异质性，因此难以量化水果、蔬菜和果汁的最佳饮食摄入量的结论。
