Evans A, Leishman S J, Walsh L J, Seow W K
School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 200 Turbot Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015 Apr;16(2):219-26. doi: 10.1007/s40368-014-0159-3. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
As suppression of Streptococcus mutans in young children may prevent or delay colonisation of the oral cavity, toothbrushing with dentifrices containing anti-S. mutans activity may aid in preventing caries. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of children's dentifrices on the growth of S. mutans and non-mutans bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus).
The agar diffusion assay at neutral pH was used to examine the antibacterial activity of commercial dentifrices and their major constituents.
Dentifrices containing 1,450 ppm fluoride produced greater growth inhibition of both S. mutans and S. sanguinis than those with <500 ppm. No inhibition was seen for pure solutions of sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate at fluoride concentrations up to 100,000 ppm. Stannous fluoride exerted antibacterial effects at concentrations above 10,000 ppm. Significant growth inhibition of both S. mutans and S. sanguinis was seen with sodium lauryl sulphate at 2,500 ppm and with triclosan at 100 ppm. No inhibitory effects were seen for xylitol, sorbitol, sodium pyrophosphate or polyethylene glycol at concentrations up to 80,000 ppm.
Sodium lauryl sulphate is the major bacterial inhibitory compound in children's dentifrices.
由于抑制幼儿口腔中的变形链球菌可能预防或延迟口腔定植，使用含有抗变形链球菌活性的牙膏刷牙可能有助于预防龋齿。本研究的目的是比较儿童牙膏对变形链球菌和非变形链球菌（血链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌）生长的影响。
采用中性pH琼脂扩散试验检测市售牙膏及其主要成分的抗菌活性。
含1450 ppm氟化物的牙膏对变形链球菌和血链球菌的生长抑制作用比含氟量低于500 ppm的牙膏更强。在氟化物浓度高达100,000 ppm时，氟化钠或单氟磷酸钠的纯溶液未见抑制作用。氟化亚锡在浓度高于10,000 ppm时发挥抗菌作用。2500 ppm的月桂醇硫酸酯钠和100 ppm的三氯生对变形链球菌和血链球菌均有显著的生长抑制作用。在浓度高达80,000 ppm时，木糖醇、山梨醇、焦磷酸钠或聚乙二醇未见抑制作用。
月桂醇硫酸酯钠是儿童牙膏中的主要抑菌化合物。
