自行车碰撞事故情况因路线类型而异：一项横断面分析。
Bicycling crash circumstances vary by route type: a cross-sectional analysis.
机构信息
School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2014 Nov 22;14:1205. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1205.
BACKGROUND
Widely varying crash circumstances have been reported for bicycling injuries, likely because of differing bicycling populations and environments. We used data from the Bicyclists' Injuries and the Cycling Environment Study in Vancouver and Toronto, Canada, to describe the crash circumstances of people injured while cycling for utilitarian and leisure purposes. We examined the association of crash circumstances with route type.
METHODS
Adult cyclists injured and treated in a hospital emergency department described their crash circumstances. These were classified into major categories (collision vs. fall, motor vehicle involved vs. not) and subcategories. The distribution of circumstances was tallied for each of 14 route types defined in an earlier analysis. Ratios of observed vs. expected were tallied for each circumstance and route type combination.
RESULTS
Of 690 crashes, 683 could be characterized for this analysis. Most (74%) were collisions. Collisions included those with motor vehicles (34%), streetcar (tram) or train tracks (14%), other surface features (10%), infrastructure (10%), and pedestrians, cyclists, or animals (6%). The remainder of the crashes were falls (26%), many as a result of collision avoidance manoeuvres. Motor vehicles were involved directly or indirectly with 48% of crashes. Crash circumstances were distributed differently by route type, for example, collisions with motor vehicles, including "doorings", were overrepresented on major streets with parked cars. Collisions involving streetcar tracks were overrepresented on major streets. Collisions involving infrastructure (curbs, posts, bollards, street furniture) were overrepresented on multiuse paths and bike paths.
CONCLUSIONS
These data supplement our previous analyses of relative risks by route type by indicating the types of crashes that occur on each route type. This information can guide municipal engineers and planners towards improvements that would make cycling safer.
背景
自行车事故的情况差异很大，这可能是因为不同的自行车人群和环境。我们使用了来自加拿大温哥华和多伦多的《自行车事故和骑行环境研究》的数据，描述了因实用和休闲目的而骑自行车受伤的人的事故情况。我们研究了事故情况与路线类型之间的关系。
方法
在医院急诊室受伤和接受治疗的成年自行车骑手描述了他们的事故情况。这些情况被分为主要类别（碰撞与跌倒、涉及与不涉及机动车）和子类别。根据之前的分析，为 14 种定义的路线类型中的每一种，对情况进行了总计。为每种情况和路线类型组合，记录观察到的与预期的比值。
结果
在 690 起事故中，有 683 起可以进行此分析。大多数（74%）是碰撞。碰撞包括与机动车（34%）、有轨电车（电车）或火车轨道（14%）、其他地面特征（10%）、基础设施（10%）以及行人和自行车或动物（6%）。其余的事故是跌倒（26%），其中许多是为了避免碰撞。机动车直接或间接涉及 48%的事故。事故情况因路线类型而异，例如，涉及机动车的碰撞，包括“车门碰撞”，在有停车的主要街道上更为常见。涉及有轨电车轨道的碰撞在主要街道上更为常见。涉及基础设施（路缘、立柱、路桩、街道家具）的碰撞在多用途道路和自行车道上更为常见。
结论
这些数据补充了我们之前按路线类型分析相对风险的分析，表明了每种路线类型上发生的事故类型。这些信息可以指导市政工程师和规划师进行改进，以提高骑行安全性。
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