Nikolakis Georgios, Makrantonaki Evgenia, Zouboulis Christos C
Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2013 Dec;16(1):13-28. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0018.
Abstract Aged skin exhibits disturbed lipid barrier, angiogenesis, production of sweat, immune functions, and calcitriol synthesis as well as the tendency towards development of certain benign or malignant diseases. These complex biological processes comprise endogenous and exogenous factors. Ethnicity also markedly influences the phenotype of skin aging. The theories of cellular senescence, telomere shortening and decreased proliferative capacity, mitochondrial DNA single mutations, the inflammation theory, and the free radical theory try to explain the biological background of the global aging process, which is mirrored in the skin. The development of advanced glycation end-products and the declining hormonal levels are major factors influencing intrinsic aging. Chronic photodamage of the skin is the prime factor leading to extrinsic skin aging. The deterioration of important skin functions, due to intrinsic and extrinsic aging, leads to clinical manifestations, which mirror several internal age-associated diseases such as diabetes, arterial hypertension and malignancies.
摘要 老年皮肤表现出脂质屏障紊乱、血管生成异常、出汗功能障碍、免疫功能失调、骨化三醇合成异常以及患某些良性或恶性疾病的倾向。这些复杂的生物学过程包括内源性和外源性因素。种族也显著影响皮肤衰老的表型。细胞衰老、端粒缩短和增殖能力下降、线粒体DNA单基因突变、炎症理论和自由基理论试图解释全球衰老过程的生物学背景，而皮肤正是这一过程的反映。晚期糖基化终产物的形成和激素水平的下降是影响内源性衰老的主要因素。皮肤的慢性光损伤是导致外源性皮肤衰老的主要因素。由于内源性和外源性衰老导致的重要皮肤功能恶化会引发临床表现，这些表现反映了一些与年龄相关的内部疾病，如糖尿病、动脉高血压和恶性肿瘤。
